Table 1.
Characteristics of the cohort by ASD status
| Characteristics | ASD N (column %)a,b | No ASD N (column %)a,b | ASD Mean (SD)a,b | No ASD Mean (SD)a,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child | ||||
| Male | 2030 (82.2) | 124,278 (50.9) | ||
| Female | 441 (17.8) | 119,671 (49.1) | ||
| Maternal | ||||
| Age (years) | 31.0 (5.7) | 29.7 (5.8) | ||
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 1123 (45.5) | 95,841 (39.3) | ||
| 1 | 802 (32.5) | 77,692 (31.9) | ||
| ≥2 | 511 (20.7) | 66,326 (27.2) | ||
| Unknown | 35 (1.4) | 4090 (1.7) | ||
| Education | ||||
| High school or lower | 811 (32.8) | 100,959 (41.4) | ||
| Some college | 761 (30.8) | 67,968 (27.9) | ||
| College graduate or higher | 888 (35.9) | 72,811 (29.9) | ||
| Unknown | 11 (0.5) | 2211 (0.9) | ||
| Household annual incomec | ||||
| <$30,000 | 223 (9.0) | 19,846 (8.1) | ||
| $30,000-$49,999 | 845 (34.2) | 81,793 (33.5) | ||
| $50,000-$69,999 | 810 (32.8) | 78,116 (32.0) | ||
| $70,000-$89,999 | 365 (14.8) | 39,393 (16.2) | ||
| ≥$90,000 | 228 (9.2) | 24,801 (10.2) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 569 (23.0) | 62,205 (25.5) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 266 (10.8) | 23,589 (9.7) | ||
| Hispanic | 1216 (49.2) | 124,907 (51.2) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 374 (15.1) | 29,400 (12.1) | ||
| Other | 46 (1.9) | 3848 (1.6) | ||
| History of maternal comorbidityd | 301 (12.2) | 21,753 (8.9) |
a
Based on 2471 ASD cases and 243,949 without ASD
b
All characteristics were significantly different based on the χ2–squared test for proportions and analysis of variance for means (p<0.001)
c
Based on census tract median
d
≥1 diagnosis of heart, lung, kidney, or liver disease; cancer