Table 5. Effects of body height (per 10 cm increase), body weight (per 10 kg increase) and body mass index (BMI; per 1 kg/m² increase) on the osseous spinal canal (OSC), the dural sac (DS), the spinal cord (SC), the vertebral body (VB), the space available for the cord (SAC), and the Torg ratio (TR).

Items	Body height effect sizesa and 95% confidence intervals	Body weight effect sizesa and 95% confidence intervals	BMI effect sizesa and 95% confidence intervals
OSC
C2	0.23 (0.13; 0.32)**	0.04 (-0.00; 0.09)	-0.00 (-0.01; 0.01)
C3	0.14 (0.05; 0.25)*	0.03 (*0.02; 0.07)	-0.00 (-0.01; 0.01)
C4	0.18 (0.08; 0.28)**	0.05 (-0.00; 0.09)	0.00 (-0.01; 0.02)
C5	0.13 (0.03; 0.23)*	0.06 (0.01; 0.11)*	0.01 (-0.00; 0.02)
C6	0.19 (0.09; 0.29)**	0.07 (0.02; 0.11)*	0.01 (-0.00; 0.02)
C7	0.28 (0.19; 0.38)**	0.04 (-0.00; 0.08)	-0.01 (-0.02; 0.01)
DS
C2	0.05 (-0.06; 0.16)	-0.02 (-0.07; 0.03)	-0.01 (-0.03; 0.01)
C3	0.12 (0.01; 0.22)*	-0.00 (-0.47: 0.47)	-0.01 (-0.02; 0.01)
C4	0.13 (0.02; 0.23)*	0.03 (-0.02; 0.08)	0.00 (-0.01; 0.01)
C5	0.11 (-0.00; 0.21)	0.04 (-0.01;0.09)	0.01 (-0.01; 0.02)
C6	0.14 (0.03; 0.24)*	0.04 (-0.01; 0.09)	0.00 (-0.01; 0.02)
C7	0.21 (0.11; 0.30)**	0.02 (-0.02; 0.06)	-0.01 (-0.02; 0.01)
SC
C2	-0.04 (-0.08; 0.01)	0.01 (-0.02; 0.03)	0.00 (-0.00; 0.01)
C3	-0.04 (-0.08; 0.01)	-0.00 (-0.02; 0.02)	0.00 (-0.01; 0.01)
C4	-0.04 (-0.08; 0.01)	-0.02 (-0.04; 0.00)	-0.00 (-0.01; 0.00)
C5	-0.06 (-0.10; -0.01)*	-0.02 (-0.01; 0.00)	-0.00(-0.01; 0.00)
C6	-0.02 (-0.07; 0.03)	-0.02 (-0.04; 0.00)	-0.01 (-0.01; 0.00)
C7	-0.03 (0.07; 0.02)	-0.04 (-0.06; -0.01)**	-0.01 (-0.02; -0.00)*
VB
C2	0.51 (0.42; 0.60)**	0.13 (0.09; 0.17)**	0.01 (-0.00; 0.02)
C3	0.54 (0.46; 0.62)**	0.14 (0.11; 0.18)**	0.01 (-0.00; 0.02)
C4	0.57 (0.49; 0.66)**	0.15 (0.11; 0.19)**	0.01 (-0.00; 0.02)
C5	0.72 (0.62; 0.83)**	0.21 (0.16; 0.26)**	0.02 (0.00; 0.03)*
C6	0.81 (0.70; 0.92)**	0.25 (0.20; 0.30)**	0.03 (0.01; 0.04)**
C7	0.76 (0.66; 0.86)**	0.23 (0.18; 0.27)**	0.02 (0.01; 0.04)*
SAC
C2	0.09 (-0.03; 0.20)	-0.03 (-0.08; 0.02)	-0.01 (-0.03; 0.00)
C3	0.15 (0.05; 0.26)*	0.00 (-0.04; 0.05)	-0.01 (-0.02; 0.00)
C4	0.16 (0.06;0.27)*	0.05 (-0.00; 0.01)	0.00 (-0.01; 0.02)
C5	0.16 (0.06; 0.27)*	0.06 (0.01; 0.11)*	0.01 (-0.01: 0.02)
C6	0.15 (0.05; 0.26)*	0.06 (0.01; 0.11)*	0.01 (-0.01; 0.02)
C7	0.23 (0.13; 0.34)**	0.06 (0.01; 0.10)*	0.00 (-0.01; 0.02)
TR
C2	-0.02 (-0.03; -0.13)**	-0.01 (-0.01; -0.00)*	-0.00(-0.00; -0.00)
C3	-0.03 (-0.04; -0.02)**	-0.01 (-0.01; -0.00)**	-0.00(-0.00; 0.00)
C4	-0.02 (-0.03; -0.02)**	-0.01 (-0.01; -0.00)*	-0.00(-0.00; 0.00)
C5	-0.03 (-0.04; -0.02)**	-0.01 (-0.01; -0.00)**	-0.00(-0.00; 0.00)
C6	-0.03 (-0.04; -0.02)**	-0.01 (-0.01; -0.01)**	-0.00(-0.00; 0.00)
C7	-0.03 (-0.04; -0.02)**	-0.01 (-0.01; -0.01)**	-0.00(-0.00; -0.00)*

We display unstandardised beta coefficients (unit is mm except for TR). Confidence intervals are given in parentheses.

^aEffect sizes are provided in mm for all parameters except TR, which is dimensionless.

* p < 0.05

** p < 0.001.