(A) Experimental design for ischemic stroke and MSC transplantation. (B) mNSS is performed at 1, 7, and 14 days after MCAo. Rats treated with NRG1-AdMSCs (n = 26) show significantly improved neurological function compared to PBS- (n = 19), adenoviral NRG1- (n = 10), or AdMSCs-treated rats (n = 18). *p < 0.05 by repeated measures ANOVA for the left graph. *p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for the right graph. (C) Rats transplanted with NRG1-AdMSCs (n = 10) show a significant reduction in infarct volume compared to PBS- (n = 6), adenoviral NRG1- (n = 4), or AdMSCs-treated rats (n = 7) at 14 days after MCAo. *p < 0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by uncorrected Dunn’s test. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM.