Table 1.

Positive and Negative Outcome Expectancy Items and Subscales

Positive Outcomes “If I were to use an e-cigarette or other vaping device, I woul.”	Negative Outcomes “If I were to use an e-cigarette or other vaping device, I would.”
Enjoyment (α = .93, .91)	Health concerns (α = .87, .84)
Like it (.90, .88)a	Worry about my health (.67, .61)d
Enjoy the taste (.89, .88)a	Wonder what I was inhaling (.62, .56)d
Feel less stressed (.87, .87)	Get sick because I wouldn’t know when to stop (.86, .80)
Do vape tricks (.87, .76)	Get addicted (.86, .85)
Social influences (α = .88, .83)	Smoker association (α = .79, .75)
Have fun using it with friends (.94, .93)	Not get enough nicotine (.78, .75)e,f
Feel sophisticated (.74, .62)b	End up using other tobacco products too (.61, .55)e
Be more popular (.82, .71)b	Look like I was smoking cigarettes (.83, .76)f
Advantage over cigarettes (α = .90, .88)	Look like I was trying to quit smoking (.75, .74)
Be safer than if I smoked cigarettes (.81, .77)c
Have a better way to get nicotine (.84, .81)c
Be able to hide use from others (e.g. parents) (.86, .76)
Be able to vape wherever I want (.85, .85)

Note. For expectancy scales: first coefficient alpha is for adolescents; second alpha is for young adults. For expectancy items: first number is adolescent item factor loading; second is for young adults. Superscript letters indicate items with correlated error variances. Correlated item variances were the same for both adolescent and young adult samples.