Table 1 -.
Baseline Participant Characteristics by IADL Status
| Variables | IADL = 0 (n = 9,602) | IADL ≥ 1 (n = 4,851) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (at baseline), mean (SD) | 62.68 (7.89) | 65.46 (8.72) | < .001 |
| Female | 5,161 (53.7%) | 3,031 (62.5%) | < .001 |
| African American | 3,340 (34.8%) | 2,067 (42.6%) | < .001 |
| Education | < .001 | ||
| Less than high school | 536 (5.6%) | 580 (12%) | |
| High school graduate | 2,097 (21.8%) | 1,321 (27.2%) | |
| Some college | 2,534 (26.4%) | 1,304 (26.9%) | |
| College graduate and above | 4,435 (46.2%) | 1,646 (33.9%) | |
| Income | < .001 | ||
| < $20,000 | 884 (9.2%) | 962 (19.8%) | |
| $20,000 - $34,000 | 1,886 (19.6%) | 1,285 (26.5%) | |
| $35,000 - $74,000 | 3,436 (35.8%) | 1,407 (29%) | |
| $75,000 + | 2,439 (25.4%) | 591 (12.2%) | |
| Refused | 957 (10%) | 606 (12.5%) | |
| Residing in stroke belt | 5,278 (55%) | 2,679 (55.2%) | .51 |
| Physical activity (any) | 7,120 (74.2%) | 3,052 (62.9%) | < .001 |
| Diabetes | 1,323 (13.8%) | 1,170 (24.1%) | < .001 |
| Hypertension | 4,723 (49.2%) | 3,129 (64.5%) | < .001 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1,017 (10.6%) | 873 (18%) | < .001 |
| Self-reported baseline stroke | 237 (2.5%) | 306 (6.3%) | < .001 |
| Incident adjudicated stroke | 207 (2.2%) | 266 (5.5%) | < .001 |
| Incident cognitive impairment | 508 (5.3%) | 624 (12.9%) | < .001 |
| High depression risk (CES-D ≥10 at Year 10) | 487 (5.1) | 1,174 (24.2) | < .001 |
CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
IADL = 0 means no difficulty or assistance needed for any IADL
IADL ≥ 1 means difficulty or assistance needed for one or more IADL