Fig. 3.

Erosion and deposition in the two experiments. a Map showing erosion and deposition in the experiment with the loss of confinement. b Erosion and deposition in the reference experiment. c Laterally averaged incision-depth of a 30 cm wide strip along the channel thalweg. Erosion in the experiment increased with the loss of confinement. d Bed-elevation change during the experiments as captured in the footprint of the Ultrasonic Velocimetry Probes (UVP) (see Methods). Bed-elevation change was generally higher in the experiment with the loss of confinement than in the reference experiment. The difference was highest below UVP 5, which was located 0.95 m downstream of the loss of confinement