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. 2019 Sep 27;9:13983. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50542-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Drug effects (n = 6 for each group) on propionic and butyric acids levels in stools both at day 7 and 14 after initiation of DSS treatment which, per se, nearly completely abolished production of both acids by the gut-microbiota (dysbiosis) and treatments differently affected acid levels, generally increasing their amounts. Data are means ± SEM and *indicates p < 0.05. ALAC = alpha-lactoalbumin; NaB = sodium butyrate; CTRL = control; DSS = dextran sulfate sodium; MSZ = mesalazine; PTZ = pentylenetetrazol; VPA = valproic acid.