Figure 5.

(A) A schematic picture shows primary osteoclast collection plan for mRNA expression study. Primary osteoclasts were isolated from 0.5 μg/kg 1,25(OH)₂D₃-treated or 3 mL/kg 9:1 propylene glycol-ethanol (vehicle)-treated BKO and WT mice. During 8-day culture, 10 ng/mL M-CSF and 10 ng/mL RANKL were added in culture media to induce osteoclast differentiation. (B) Representative photomicrographs of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (OC). Arrowhead, nucleus of osteoclast. Scale bar, 100 µm. (C) Numbers of TRAP-positive cells/well. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated WT mice (white bar), ^###P < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated BKO mice (black bar), ^†P < 0.05 vs. 1,25(OH)₂D₃-treated WT mice. Numbers in parentheses represent the number of independent samples per group.