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. 2019 Sep 27;10:4418. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12142-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Evaluation of the ROS generation and the mechanism of ROS production. a Detection of ¹O₂ by UV-vis absorbance spectra for ICG@Fe/FeO–PPP nanocapsules with DPBF at pH value of 7.4, 6.5 and 5.4 phosphate buffer. b Fluorescence intensity of TAOH at 440 nm as a function of laser irradiation time for the ICG@Fe/FeO–PPP nanocapsules and different control treatments. F₀ and F were the fluorescence intensities of the system without or with treatment, respectively. The error bars represent the standard deviations of three separate measurements. c ESR spectra of Fe/FeO NCs and ICG@Fe/FeO–PPP nanocapsules with DMPO as the spin trap in different pH values condition (7.4, 6.5 and 5.4). d ¹O₂ generation evaluated by DHR123 in KB cells treated with free ICG and ICG@Fe/FeO–PPP–FA nanocapsules under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (scale bars: 20 μm). e Synergism schematic of Fenton reaction of Fe/FeO NCs with photothermal conversion (ICG) in ICG@Fe/FeO–PPP–FA nanocapsules. (Error bars, mean ± SD, n = 6, ROS reactive oxygen species.)