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ROS induce endothelial permeability without Rho activation. Some barrier-disruptive agonists such as TNF-α induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin, which undergoes internalization and loss from the membrane, leading to an increase in endothelial permeability. ROS-induced activation of p38MAPK also directly increases endothelial permeability independent of Rho activation. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; VE, vascular endothelial.
