Skip to main content
. 2019 Sep 26;31(13):933–953. doi: 10.1089/ars.2018.7673

FIG. 5.

FIG. 5.

Apoptosis of vascular cells stimulates anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which release proliferative factors for damage resolution and activate vascular remodeling. In contrast, necrotic damage of vascular cells stimulates M1 macrophages with proinflammatory properties, increasing perivascular inflammation, vascular permeability, and fibrosis. Color images are available online.