Fig. 1.

LDH maintains the NAD⁺/NADH redox balance during larval development. Targeted LC-MS/MS analysis was used to measure metabolites associated with redox balance in Ldh^prec controls and Ldh^16/17 mutants. (A,B) The ratios of NAD⁺/NADH, NADP⁺/NADPH, GSH/GSSG, AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP were determined in control and mutant larvae; n=8 biological replicates were collected from independent populations with 100 mid-L2 larvae per sample. Experiments were repeated twice (see Table S1). (C) Ldh^prec controls and Ldh^16/17 mutants were collected as mid-L2 larvae and the concentration of triglycerides (TAG), trehalose (Treh) and glycogen (Glyc) were measured in whole animal homogenates. All assays were repeated a minimum of three times; n>10 samples collected from independent populations with 25 mid-L2 larvae per sample. Absolute values for all samples illustrated in C are available in Table S2. (D) The rate of CO₂ production was measured in Ldh^16/17 mutants and precise excision controls. Diagonal lines represent the slope relating log(mass) and log(metabolic rate) for Ldh^prec (broken line) or Ldh^16/17 (unbroken line). Error bars represent s.d.; ***P<0.001.