Table 1. Characteristics of TRACE-CORE participants included in the analytic sample.
| Characteristics | No heart failure (n=265) | Heart Failure (N=31) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean SD | 63±11 | 68±13 | <0.01 |
| Female | 34% | 23% | 0.19 |
| Race (Caucasian) | 96% | 100% | 0.32 |
| Height (inches) | 69±14 | 68±5 | 0.29 |
| Weight (lbs) | 187±46 | 191±57 | 0.66 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29±6 | 30±5 | 0.79 |
| Social history | |||
| Education | |||
| High school | 38% | 58% | |
| Some college | 28% | 26% | <0.01 |
| College | 34% | 16% | |
| Married | 68% | 52% | 0.08 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 67% | 77% | 0.25 |
| Myocardial infarction | 25% | 74% | <0.001 |
| Anginal pectoris/CHD | 23% | 67% | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 28% | 32% | 0.65 |
| Stroke/TIA | 2% | 3% | 0.64 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 7% | 29% | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 68% | 90% | <0.01 |
| Heart failure symptoms | |||
| Angina | 71% | 68% | 0.74 |
| Dyspnea | 37% | 52% | 0.11 |
| Seattle angina questionnaire | |||
| Physical limitation | 83.9±21.6 | 64.7±28.2 | <0.01 |
| Angina stability | 43.1±27.4 | 44.6±31.9 | 0.81 |
| Angina frequency | 75.4±23.7 | 68.3±22.8 | 0.12 |
| Treatment satisfaction | 94±11.5 | 91.7±9.9 | 0.30 |
| Quality of life | 64.8±25.9 | 56.3±27.5 | 0.09 |
| Admission medications | |||
| Aspirin | 45% | 81% | <0.001 |
| Beta-blocker | 38% | 87% | <0.001 |
| ACEI or ARB | 36% | 71% | <0.001 |
| Statin | 56% | 84% | <0.01 |
| Plavix | 12% | 26% | 0.06 |
| Coumadin | 4% | 26% | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | |||
| No physical activity | 59% | 77% | |
| <150 min/week | 16% | 13% | 0.08 |
| >150 min/week | 25% | 10% | |
| Acute coronary syndrome category | |||
| ST-elevation myocardial infarction | 28% | 10% | <0.05 |
| Physiological factors | |||
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 79±21 | 84±25 | 0.17 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 141±24 | 129±29 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80±17 | 70±14 | <0.01 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths per minute) | 18±4 | 19±3 | 0.51 |
| Electrocardiogram | |||
| QRS duration | 95±18 | 120±34 | <0.01 |
| PR interval | 164±30 | 182±25 | <0.01 |
| Lab values | |||
| Troponin peak | 25.8±36.7 | 6.0±17.1 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 175.4±46.1 | 130.1±36.2 | <0.01 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide | 581.8±846.3 | 758.7±665.9 | 0.55 |
| Creatinine | 1.1±0.4 | 1.8±1.0 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin | 11.7±2.2 | 10.8±2.2 | <0.05 |
| Sodium | 136±3 | 135±4 | 0.32 |
| Echocardiographic phenotype* | |||
| LV ejection fraction | 53.7±13.0 | 45.0±8.8 | 0.07 |
| LV mass | 180.0±58.1 | 230.3±77.0 | <0.05 |
| LAVI=LAVavg/BSA | 23.0±8.9 | 32.0±9.0 | <0.01 |
| LA volume | 45.7±19.3 | 64.2±24.8 | <0.01 |
| LV end diastolic volume | 83.5±38.3 | 132±51.4 | <0.01 |
CHD: Coronary heart disease, TIA: Transient ischemic attack, ACEi: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blockers, LV: Left ventricle, LA: Left atrium, LAVI: Left atrial volume index, LAVavg/BSA: Average left atrial volume/body surface area.
*
Echocardiographic phenotypes were characterized in a subset of patients (n=143) where TTE were available, TRACE-CORE: Transitions, Risks, and Actions in Coronary Events Center for Outcomes Research and Education