Fig. 3.
FECs with antisense oligos. (A) Structural models showing where antisense oligos 1 (green) and 2 (orange) bind on each state. (B) With oligo 1 present, FECs showed only the low unfolding forces characteristic of secondary structures, indicating that the pseudoknots were prevented from forming, as expected from the structural models in A. Several unfolding transitions not observed without the oligo were seen, matching predictions for structures formed under the constraints imposed by the antisense oligo. (C) With oligo 2 present, high-force unfolding events corresponding to PKA and PKD− were observed, but transitions corresponding to DHP and DHP− were not, consistent with the structural models in A.