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. 2019 Sep 9;116(39):19288–19293. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905527116

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Fig. 3. — BCNF membrane and battery performances. (A) Side view (Left) and top view (Right) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the BCNF membrane. (B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and distribution of the diameter of BCNF produced with 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). (C) Large-area BCNF membrane and manufacture of a cylindrical LIB full cell via the roll-to-roll process. (D) Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the ceramic-coated separator (CCS) and BCNF separator. The BCNF exhibited much higher thermal tolerance up to 338 °C compared than that of 165 °C of the CCS. The Inset shows the thermal resistivity in a fixed frame at 160 °C (CCS) and 300 °C (BCNF), respectively. (E) Life cycle performances of CCS and BCNF in 18650 battery full cells. The Inset shows the relative direct current–internal resistance (DC-IR) increase ratios after every 100 cycles at 25 °C.