Table 2.

Significance of mediated effects in each of the three path models.

	$\text{VIP}\stackrel{a}{\to }\text{M}(6\text{m})\stackrel{b}{\to }\text{M}(36\text{m})\stackrel{c}{\to }\text{Behavior}$	a	b	c	Mediated effect a × b × c	Z	Proportion of VIP effect mediated
Model 1
	Total mediated effecta				−0.55 (.20)	−2.71**	18%
	VIP → CS 6m → CS 36m → Behavior	3.45	0.58	−0.27	−0.55 (.20)	−2.71**
Model 2
	Total mediated effecta				−0.83 (.29)	−2.86**	25%
	VIP → PCR 6m → PCR 36m → Behavior	−0.29	0.46	3.11	−0.42 (.19)	−2.19*
	VIP → MDS 6m → MDS 36m → Behavior	−1.25	0.70	0.27	−0.24 (.12)	−2.04*
Model 3
	Total mediated effecta				−1.29 (.37)	−3.49***	35%
	Individual variable pathways
	VIP → CS 6m → CS 36m → Behavior	3.28	0.53	−0.10	−0.17 (.14)	−1.25
	VIP → PCR 6m → PCR 36m → Behavior	−0.27	0.44	2.89	−0.34 (.17)	−2.00*
	VIP → MDS 6m → MDS 36m → Behavior	−1.18	0.69	0.26	−0.21 (.11)	−1.94+
	Interrelated variables pathways
	VIP → CS 6m → PCR 36m → Behavior	3.28	−0.03	2.89	−0.27 (.12)	−2.27*
	VIP → CS 6m → MDS 36m → Behavior	3.28	−0.13	0.26	−0.11 (.10)	−1.12
	VIP → PCR 6m → CS 36m → Behavior	−0.27	−1.23	−0.10	−0.03 (.03)	−1.04
	VIP → PCR 6m → MDS 36m → Behavior	−0.27	0.46	0.26	−0.03 (.05)	−0.62
	VIP → MDS 6m → CS 36m → Behavior	−1.18	−0.15	−0.10	−0.02 (.02)	−0.79
	VIP → MDS 6m → PCR 36m → Behavior	−1.18	0.03	2.89	−0.10 (.07)	−1.36

^aIncludes all paths in the model

Note: M, Mediator; 6m, 6 months; 36m, 36 months; CS, Cognitive Stimulation; PCR, Stress about the Parent-Child Relationship; MDS, Maternal Depressive Symptoms. Unstandardized coefficients are presented for each path, from VIP to the 6-mo mediator (a), from the 6-mo mediator to the 36-mo mediator (b), and from the 36-mo mediator to child behavior (c). The mediated effect (standard error in parentheses) represents the indirect effect of VIP on child behavior through the 6- and 36-month mediators.

⁺p <.10

^*p <.05

^**p <.01

^***p <.001