Table 3.

Factors that Shaped Trajectories of Well-being over Time

Trajectory	Baseline Interview	Changes at Follow-Up Interview	Psychological Well-Being
Resilience	Conflict with mother Cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., hopelessness, perceived worthlessness) Family separations History of self-harmful behaviors Mental health problems Socio-economic strain Supportive community (e.g., school, church) Positive relationship with father	Improved relationship with mom Development of a positive ethnic identity Development of positive and effective coping skills Moving to a new, positive school environment	Reduction in cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., hopelessness, perceived worthlessness) Emergence of cognitive strengths (e.g., positive self-esteem, future aspirations) Absence of suicidal ideation Absence of engagement in self-harmful behaviors
Tenuous Growth	Conflict with mother Cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., hopelessness, perceived worthlessness) Family separations History of self-harmful behaviors Violence in the home Mental health problems Socio-economic strain Conflict with father Housing insecurity Sexual violence Cutting school Neighborhood violence	Engagement in new risky behaviors (e.g., risky sexual activity, cutting school, fighting in school) Development of a positive ethnic identity Development of positive and effective coping skills Moving to a new, positive school environment	Reduction in cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., hopelessness, perceived worthlessness) Emergence of cognitive strengths (e.g., positive self-esteem, future aspirations) Absence of suicidal ideation Absence of engagement in self-harmful behaviors
Chronic Stress	Conflict with mother Cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., hopelessness, perceived worthlessness) Family separations History of self-harmful behaviors Violence in the home Mental health problems Socio-economic strain Conflict with father Housing insecurity Sexual violence Cutting school Neighborhood violence	Engagement in new risky behaviors (e.g., risky sexual activity, cutting school, fighting in school)	Cognitive vulnerabilities (e.g., hopelessness, perceived worthlessness) Suicidal ideation Re-hospitalization

Notes. Protective factors are identified in italics.