Table 2. Descriptive statistics and zero-order correlations for SES factors, home linguistic input, and children’s reading skills.
| M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Family income-to-needs ratio | 2.68 | 2.79 | -- | |||||
| 2 | Parental education | 14.14 | 2.64 | .68*** | -- | ||||
| 3 | Hourly adult words | 1183.67 | 550.82 | .27* | .42*** | -- | |||
| 4 | Hourly conversational turns | 47.99 | 26.49 | .20+ | .25* | .78*** | -- | ||
| 5 | Hourly child vocalizations | 187.13 | 96.61 | .12 | .12 | .56*** | .85*** | -- | |
| 6 | Reading compositea | .00 | 1.00 | .08 | .19+ | −.02 | −.02 | −.08 | -- |
Note. Sample size for the SES measures and reading composite was 94; sample size for the LENA variables (hourly adult words, conversational turns, and child vocalizations) was 76.
a
created by standardizing and averaging scores on the Letter-Word Identification (M = 34.70, SD = 15.09), Word Attack (M = 11.82, SD = 8.02), and Passage Comprehension (M = 17.52, SD = 8.40) subtests.
+
p < .10
*
p < .05
***
p < .001