Table 2.

Comparison of the normalized knee muscle strength (Nm/kg; mean ± Std. Deviation) of leg dominance (DO: dominant leg versus ND: nondominant leg) and sex (male versus female) effects and the interaction effects between leg dominance and sex. Effect size refers to partial eta squared η_p² and the observed power is listed as 1-β. Note: the symbol * represents a significant difference at p < 0.05.

Leg Dominance Effects	DO (n = 15)	ND (n = 15)	p-Value	ηp²	1-β
Normalized hamstring torque Nm/kg	1.65 ± 0.32	1.63 ± 0.34	0.749	0.008	0.060
Normalized quadricep torque Nm/kg	3.64 ± 0.79	3.63 ± 0.77	0.905	0.001	0.051
HQ ratio	0.46 ± 0.09	0.46 ± 0.09	0.882	0.002	0.053
Sex Effects	Males (n = 8)	Females (n = 7)	p-Value	ηp²	1-β
Normalized hamstring torque Nm/kg	1.79 ± 0.34	1.47 ± 0.17	0.047*	0.271	0.529
Normalized quadricep torque Nm/kg	3.94 ± 0.85	3.30 ± 0.42	0.096	0.199	0.384
HQ ratio	0.46 ± 0.08	0.46± 0.09	0.872	0.002	0.053
Interaction Effects:	Males (n = 8)	Females (n = 7)	p-Value	ηp²	1-β
Difference between DO and ND
in normalized hamstring torque	0.00 ± 0.28	0.04 ± 0.21	0.763	0.007	0.059
in normalized quadricep torque	0.00 ± 0.33	0.03 ± 0.69	0.897	0.001	0.051
in HQ ratio	0.01 ± 0.07	0.00 ± 0.07	0.861	0.002	0.053