Table 3.
Comparisons of frailty indicators between the frail and the non-frail phenotype.
| Parameters | Frail (n = 58) | Non-Frail (n = 60) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty indicators | |||
| Self-reported weight loss, n (%) | 18 (31.0) | 0 (0) | - |
| ** Weight difference (∆w, kg) | −2.23 ± 4.3 | 0.55 ± 1.7 | <0.01 |
| Self-reported exhaustion, n (%) | 40 (69.0) | 0 (0) | - |
| ** Exhaustion sum score | 2.14 ± 1.6 | 0.18 ± 0.4 | <0.01 |
| Weakness, n (%) | 50 (86.2) | 0 (0) | - |
| ** Grip strength, kg | 15.89 ± 5.69 | 25.76 ± 7.09 | <0.01 |
| Slow walking speed, n (%) | 37 (63.8) | 0 (0) | - |
| ** Walking speed, s | 7.28 ± 1.98 | 4.30 ± 0.80 | <0.01 |
| Decreased activity, n (%) | 50 (86.2) | 0 (0) | - |
| ** Physical activity, Kcal | 215.3 ± 470.1 | 1192.1 ± 1397.7 | < 0.01 |
| ** Frailty score | 3.36 ± 0.52 | 0 | < 0.01 |
* 0.01< p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (Data are represented as mean ± SD and statistical significance using the independent t-test for continuous data and Mann-Whitney U test for categorical data).