Table 1.
Anismus index, weekly stool frequency, clinical symptoms, and overall quality of life (QOL) measure before and after treatment in the electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-biofeedback) group and control group.
| Dependent Variable | EMG-Biofeedback | Control Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After Therapy | p | Baseline | After Therapy | p | |
| AI | 0.58 (±0.14) | 0.37 (±0.08) | <0.01 | 0.50 (±0.11) | 0.49 (±0.09) | 0.61 |
| WSF | 1.80 (±0.42) | 3.40 (±0.42) | <0.01 | 1.60 (±0.52) | 1.90 (±0.57) | 0.08 |
| ABD-SYM | 2.47 (±0.40) | 2.02 (±0.25) | <0.01 | 2.32 (±0.31) | 2.37 (±0.35) | 0.44 |
| REC-SYM | 2.08 (±0.26) | 1.78 (±0.35) | <0.01 | 2.20 (±0.39) | 2.09 (±0.30) | 0.19 |
| STOOL-SYM | 2.94 (±0.36) | 2.17 (±0.43) | <0.01 | 2.74 (±0.34) | 2.73 (±0.41) | 0.95 |
| Overall PAC-QOL scale | 2.41 (±0.57) | 1.52 (±0.36) | <0.01 | 2.25 (±0.59) | 2.16 (±0.65) | 0.10 |
Note: data are expressed as mean (±standard deviation, SD). AI = anismus index; WSF = weekly stool frequency; ABD-SYM = abdominal symptoms; REC-SYM = rectal symptoms; STOOL-SYM = stool symptoms; and PAC-QOL = patient assessment of constipation-quality of life.