Table 1.
Demographics, Respiratory and Smoking Characteristics by Stages of Change and Gender, Burden of Obstructive Lung Diseases (BOLD)-Australia Study.
| Characteristics | Stages of Change | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Contemplation (n = 118) | Contemplation (n = 119) | Preparation (n = 73) | ||||||||||
| M | F | p | All | M | F | p | All | M | F | p | All | |
| Age (mean, SD) | 54.9 (10.0) | 53.1 (10.2) | 0.35 | 54.1 (10.1) | 52.4 (8.6) | 55.1 (9.6) | 0.12 | 53.5 (9.1) | 53.9 (11.2) | 52.0 (8.4) | 0.42 | 53.0 (10.0) |
| BMI (mean, SD) | 25.1 (4.2) | 26.3 (5.1) | 0.15 | 25.6 (4.6) | 27.6 (4.4) | 26.8 (5.2) | 0.38 | 27.3 (4.7) | 27.9 (5.7) | 26.1 (5.2) | 0.16 | 27.0 (5.5) ‡ |
| Years of Schooling (mean, SD) | 11.7 (3.0) | 11.2 (2.7) | 0.41 | 11.5 (2.8) | 11.4 (3.0) | 11.9 (2.9) | 0.43 | 11.4 (2.9) | 11.5 (2.9) | 11.8 (3.1) | 0.68 | 11.6 (3.0) |
| Respiratory Symptoms (n, %) | ||||||||||||
| Cough | 35.0 (52.2) | 25.0 (49.0) | 0.73 | 60.0 (50.8) | 32.0 (45.1) | 18.0 (37.5) | 0.41 | 50.0 (42.0) | 16.0 (42.1) | 13.0 (37.1) | 0.66 | 29.0 (39.7) |
| Phlegm | 28.0 (41.8) | 15.0 (29.4) | 0.17 | 43.0 (36.8) | 29.0 (40.8) | 13.0 (27.1) | 0.12 | 42.0 (35.3) | 14.0 (36.8) | 8.0 (22.8) | 0.19 | 22.0 (30.1) |
| Wheeze in last 12 months | 31.0 (46.3) | 23.0 (45.1) | 0.90 | 54.0 (45.8) | 43.0 (60.6) | 26.0 (54.2) | 0.49 | 69.0 (58.0) | 19.0 (50.0) | 18.0 (51.4) | 0.90 | 37.0 (50.7) |
| Dyspnoea on exertion | 15.0 (23.8) | 17.0 (34.0) | 0.23 | 32.0 (27.4) | 21.0 (31.8) | 22.0 (46.8) | 0.11 | 43.0 (38.1) | 9.0 (24.3) | 11.0 (34.4) | 0.36 | 32.0 (28.3) |
| Smoking History | ||||||||||||
| Age started (mean, SD) | 16.4 (3.0) | 17.6 (4.2) | 0.06 | 16.9 (3.6) | 18.1 (4.7) | 17.7 (4.2) | 0.63 | 18.0 (4.5) | 20.3 (7.7) | 19.3 (6.7) | 0.55 | 19.8 (7.2) ‡ |
| Cigarettes/day (median, IQR) | 20.0 (10.0, 25.0) | 12.0 (5.0, 20.0) | 0.02 † | 16.7 (7.0, 25.0) * | 20.0 (12, 25) | 15.0 (10.0, 20.0) | 0.04 † | 20.0 (10.0, 25.0) | 13.5 (5.0, 20.0) | 10.0 (7.0, 15.0) | 0.55 | 10.0 (6.0, 20.0) |
| Pack-Years (median, IQR) | 30.2 (18.0, 47.2) | 21.4 (5.5, 38.9) | 0.01 † | 26.8 (12.2, 45.5) * | 30.4 (18.7,44.3) | 24.3 (14.2, 41.1) | 0.17 | 28.0 (17.2, 41.6) | 20.0 (8.2, 46.3) | 17.2 (10.1, 24.9) | 0.37 | 18.1 (8.7, 37.4) ‡ |
| Quit Activity (n, %) | ||||||||||||
| Physician quit advice | 52.0 (78.8) | 32.0 (64.0) | 0.08 | 84.0 (72.4) | 55.0 (20.3) | 35.0 (74.5) | 0.51 | 90.0 (77.6) | 28.0 (73.7) | 25.0 (71.4) | 0.83 | 53.0 (72.6) |
| ₴ Advice in last 12 mo | 11.0 (21.2) | 6.0 (18.8) | 0.79 | 17.0 (20.2) * | 22.0 (40.0) | 13.0 (37.1) | 0.79 | 35.0 (38.9) | 15.0 (53.6) | 11.0 (44.0) | 0.49 | 26.0 (49.1) ‡ |
| ₴,ꬸ Quit medication | 17.0 (32.7) | 18.0 (56.2) | 0.03 † | 35.0 (41.7) * | 29.0 (52.7) | 18.0 (51.4) | 0.90 | 47.0 (52.2) | 18.0 (64.3) | 15.0 (60.0) | 0.75 | 33.0 (62.3) |
| Quit attempts ≥ 24 h in last 12 mo (median, IQR) | 0 (0, 1.0) | 0 (0, 2.0) | 0.54 | 0 (0, 1.0) * | 1.0 (0, 2.0) | 0.5 (0, 2.7) | 0.98 | 1.0 (0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 10.0) | 5.0 (0, 12.0) | 0.55 | 3.0 (1, 11) |
* Fisher’s Exact Test; all bolded numbers are significant, † significant gender difference, within Stages of Change (p < 0.05); ‡ significant difference between Stages of Change (p < 0.05); ₴ a subset of those that responded to receiving physician advice; ꬸ prescribed or not * significant trend across Stages of Change (p < 0.05); mo—months, IQR—inter quartile range, SD—standard deviation.