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. 2019 Sep 4;16(18):3251. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16183251

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Possible mechanisms contributing to the inhibition of fat synthesis and glucose utilization of M. charantia. M. charantia stimulates glucose transporter 4 (GluT-4) to migrate to the cell membrane and mediate glucose uptake by increasing adiponectin, and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. In addition, M. charantia blocks the expression of PPARγ, and PPARγ downstream pathway including C/EBPα and PI3K to reduce the accumulation of fat.