Table 3.
Prevention strategies for HBV infection control in relation to available cost-effectiveness evaluations.
| Strategy | Country Characteristics | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Low- and Intermediate-Income Countries High HBV Prevalence a |
High- and Intermediate-Income Countries Intermediate HBV Prevalence b |
High- and Intermediate-Income Countries Low HBV Prevalence c |
|
| Passive surveillance systems | √ | √ | √ |
| Active surveillance systems | √ | √ | |
| Screening program of any type | √ | √ | √ |
| Screening program for specific risk groups only | √ | ||
| Screening program for pregnant women | √ | √ | |
| Combined screening program | √ | ||
| Use of hepatitis B immune globulin | √ | √ | |
| Universal vaccination alone | √ | ||
| Universal vaccination + pregnant women screening + hepatitis B immune globulin | √ | ||
| Selective vaccination + pregnant women screening + hepatitis B immune globulin | √ | ||
a Southeast Asia, China, Pacific islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Alaska (Eskimos); b Mediterranean basin, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Japan, Latin and South America, Middle East; c United States, Canada, Central Asia, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand.