Table 4.

Baseline values and estimated change in sub scores of Food Craving Questionnaire-State in the CR and AL groups at 12 and 24 months.

Outcome	AL Mean (s.e.)a	Within-Group P-valueb	CR Mean (s.e)a	Within-Group P-valueb	Between-group Mean (s.e.)	Between-group P-valueb	Between-group ES
Food Craving Questionnaire
State Desire Score
Baseline	5.71 (0.32)		5.39 (0.21)			0.43
ΔMonth 12	1.12 (0.37)	<0.01	1.79 (0.28)	<0.01	0.67 (0.45)	0.14	0.22
ΔMonth 24	0.49 (0.35)	0.32	1.15 (0.27)	<0.01	0.65 (0.43)	0.13	0.23
State Anticipation Positive Score
Baseline	5.25 (0.25)		5.15 (0.19)			0.57
ΔMonth 12	0.94 (0.29)	<0.01	1.01 (0.22)	<0.01	0.07 (0.35)	1.0	0.03
ΔMonth 24	0.51 (0.28)	0.15	0.77 (0.22)	<0.01	0.26 (0.35)	0.91	0.11
State Anticipation Negative Score
Baseline	6.08 (0.33)		5.54 (0.21)			0.25
ΔMonth 12	0.29 (0.28)	0.62	0.61 (0.21)	0.01	0.33 (0.34)	0.68	0.14
ΔMonth 24	0.25 (0.29)	0.79	0.33 (0.23)	0.30	0.08 (0.36)	1.00	0.03
State Lack of Control Score
Baseline	4.36 (0.19)		4.31 (0.15)			0.67
ΔMonth 12	0.03 (0.23)	1.0	0.85 (0.17)	<0.01	0.82 (0.28)	<0.01*	0.44
ΔMonth 24	−0.05(0.22)	1.0	0.47 (0.17)	0.01	0.52 (0.27)	0.06	0.29
State Hunger Score
Baseline	6.96 (0.38)		6.84 (0.27)			0.79
ΔMonth 12	−0.18 (0.27)	1.0	0.65 (0.20)	<0.01	0.83 (0.33)	0.01*	0.37
ΔMonth 24	−0.02 (0.30)	1.0	0.34 (0.24)	0.31	0.36 (0.37)	0.34	0.14

Abbreviations: AL, ad libitum; CR, calorie restriction.

^aBaseline values are observed mean ± SE. Estimated change in outcome measures were determined through an ITT approach to determine whether change on the outcome variables differed between groups.

^bP-values reflect Bonferroni correction.

^*significant between-group difference between ad libitum and calorie restriction groups.