Table 1 –
Behavioral results from Experiment 1
| Behavior | Male Homecage |
Male Adolescent Shock |
Female Homecage |
Female Adolescent Shock |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light-Dark Box | ||||
| Latency into dark (s) | 23.00 ± 10.84 | 16.43 ± 7.09 | 18.13 ± 7.46 | 10.00 ± 2.58 |
| Latency into light (s) | 280.25 ± 27.46* | 528.57 ± 40.64* | 234.88 ± 58.61* | 331.14 ± 79.86* |
| Time in light (s) | 131.91 ± 19.21 | 23.74 ± 34.55 | 139.58 ± 26.46 | 88.31 ± 30.50 |
| Transitions | 5.00 ± 0.63 | 1.00 ± 0.49 | 4.63 ± 0.80 | 3.00 ± 0.93 |
| Head pokes | 4.03 ± 1.42a | 1.29 ± 0.42c | 8.13 ± 0.77bc | 9.43 ± 1.23ab |
| Locomotor Activity | ||||
| Total distance traveled (cm) | 2200.25 ± 351.82 | 2621.00 ± 314.69 | 2111.75 ± 343.11 | 2773.00 ± 355.07 |
| Time spent moving (s) | 263.00 ± 38.88 | 319.49 ± 32.04 | 225.03 ± 31.63 | 280.76 ± 31.64 |
| Discrete horizontal movements | 192.75 ± 23.61* | 230.88 ± 15.02* | 169.13 ± 18.49* | 240.13 ± 22.42* |
| Vertical beam interruptions | 1376.43 ± 222.08* | 1679.71 ± 221.98* | 876.14 ± 221.77* | 1118.43 ± 225.99* |
| Number of Rears | 65.43 ± 14.71* | 64.71 ± 27.86* | 118.14 ± 27.41* | 158.43 ± 27.83* |
| Time reared (s) | 1452.66 ± 92.68* | 1525.54 ± 191.27* | 506.84 ± 155.01* | 621.50 ± 221.54* |
| Social Interaction Procedure | ||||
| Pre-Exposure | ||||
| 1st 10 minutes (pre-hut) | ||||
| Time on hut side (s) | 299.15 ± 10.07 | 341.24 ± 18.50 | 329.89 ± 16.10 | 306.02 ± 23.90 |
| Crosses | 31.50 ± 2.93 | 23.88 ± 2.57 | 31.75 ± 1.68 | 29.88 ± 2.73 |
| 2nd 10 minutes (hut introduced) | ||||
| Time on hut side (s) | 226.79 ± 19.17* | 155.27 ± 29.84* | 287.41 ± 41.58* | 349.58 ± 45.80* |
| Crosses | 32.25 ± 2.34 | 18.75 ± 1.39 | 32.88 ± 3.57 | 26.88 ± 2.64 |
| 3rd 10 minutes (hut present) | ||||
| Time on hut side (s) | 258.54 ± 38.19* | 201.41 ± 52.17* | 349.19 ± 63.66* | 360.00 ± 49.40* |
| Crosses | 18.13 ± 1.36a | 12.50 ± 1.98b | 14.13 ± 1.99ab | 16.75 ± 1.98ab |
| Test Day | ||||
| 1st 10 minutes (hut present) | ||||
| Crosses | 32.13 ± 3.29 | 27.88 ± 4.24 | 26.13 ± 3.82 | 26.38 ± 2.79 |
| Time on hut side (s) | 307.07 ± 34.21 | 215.25 ± 52.27 | 283.70 ± 56.16 | 362.35 ± 34.84 |
| 2nd 10 minutes (partner in hut) | ||||
| Crosses | 24.625 ± 4.90 | 27.38 ± 3.84 | 26.38 ± 4.80 | 22.25 ± 2.85 |
| Time on hut side (s) | 434.02 ± 28.58 | 404.34 ± 31.43 | 419.77 ± 49.46 | 426.32 ± 30.68 |
| Change in hut preference (s) | 126.95 ± 40.36 | 189.09 ± 24.82 | 136.07 ± 35.74 | 119.48 ± 42.24 |
| Social Interaction (hut removed) | ||||
| Sniffing | 30.25 ± 2.56 | 30.63 ± 3.55 | 29.38 ± 3.70 | 23.63 ± 3.14 |
| Climbing Over/Under | 2.5 ± 0.60 | 2.75 ± 0.94 | 3.25 ± 0.92 | 2.13 ± 0.52 |
| Grooming | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.63 ± 0.26 | 0.13 ± 0.13 |
| Play (wrestling/boxing) | 3.13 ± 1.61 | 1.25 ± 0.84 | 3.88 ± 1.79 | 3.38 ± 1.40 |
| Dorsal contacts | 8.13 ±1.80 | 7.25 ± 2.17 | 9.88 ± 1.62 | 5.13 ± 1.26 |
| Total Social Interaction | 44.38 ± 4.21 | 42.25 ± 6.58 | 47.00 ± 5.92 | 34.38 ± 4.31 |
| Crosses towards partner | 20.38 ±2.52 | 22.00 ± 1.86 | 18.75 ± 2.23 | 18.25 ± 1.83 |
| Crosses away from partner | 14.38 ± 1.19 | 11.50 ± 1.63 | 17.13 ± 2.64 | 14.63 ± 1.35 |
| Total Crosses | 34.75 ± 3.05 | 33.50 ± 2.73 | 35.88 ± 4.29 | 32.88 ± 1.23 |
| Toward:away ratio | 1.48 ± 0.21* | 2.13 ± 0.28* | 1.25 ± 0.17* | 1.37 ± 0.21* |
| Forced Swim | ||||
| Latency to immobility | 108.75 ± 16.22 | 136.43 ± 6.88 | 118..13 ± 14.30 | 111.25 ± 13.12 |
| First 5 minute bin | ||||
| Climbing | 22.13 ± 2.17 | 23.13 ± 2.50 | 25.75 ± 1.62 | 21.50 ± 2.15 |
| Swimming | 17.00 ± 1.92* | 16.50 ± 2.07* | 19.63 ± 1.71* | 22.50 ± 2.41* |
| Floating | 20.88 ± 2.71* | 20.38 ± 1.53* | 14.63 ± 1.38* | 16.00 ± 2.27* |
Note. Means and SEM for locomotor activity across 30 minutes. Distances are measured in cm, time in seconds, and movements/beam interruptions are measured in counts. Bold indicates a main effect of adolescent footshock,
indicates a main effect of sex, and letters indicate a significant overall interaction, with individual letters indicating groups that are statistically different (i.e., different letters = statistical difference).