. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 22.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2019 Mar 29;44(1):186–194. doi: 10.1038/s41366-019-0356-6

Table 3.

Relationship between regularity in breakfast consumption and prospective weight status stratified by baseline BMI, Sister Study 2003-2015^a

			Usual Breakfast Consumption Frequency
	Baseline BMI (kg/m²)	No. of cases	0 day/week	1-2 days/week	3-4 days/week	5-6 days/week	7 days/week
Incident BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²
	18.5-21.9	181	0.45 (0.20, 0.98)	0.98 (0.54, 1.79)	1.00 (ref)	1.09 (0.66, 1.81)	0.84 (0.52-1.35)
	22.0-24.9	2,616	0.85 (0.71, 1.01)	0.95 (0.81, 1.11)	1.00 (ref)	0.95 (0.84, 1.07)	0.92 (0.82, 1.03)
Incident BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²
	<25.0	152	1.12 (0.51, 2.45)	1.50 (0.74, 3.08)	1.00 (ref)	1.27 (0.68, 2.37)	1.16 (0.65, 2.10)
	25.0-27.49	545	1.00 (0.68, 1.47)	0.77 (0.53, 1.13)	1.00 (ref)	0.96 (0.73, 1.26)	0.86 (0.66, 1.11)
	27.5-29.9	1,686	0.82 (0.66, 1.00)	0.77 (0.64, 0.93)	1.00 (ref)	0.89 (0.78, 1.02)	0.88 (0.79, 1.00)
5kg weight gain
	<25.0	2,227	0.88 (0.73, 1.05)	1.07 (0.91, 1.26)	1.00 (ref)	0.90 (0.78, 1.03)	0.92 (0.81, 1.02)
	25.0-29.9	2,421	1.13 (0.90, 1.42)	1.03 (0.84, 1.28)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (0.86, 1.18)	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)
	≥30.0	2,159	0.88 (0.67, 1.15)	0.73 (0.56, 0.95)	1.00 (ref)	0.87 (0.72, 1.05)	0.97 (0.82, 1.16)

BMI: body mass index.

Reported as risk ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals; multivariable adjustment for age, total caloric intake, education, race/ethnicity, physical activity, HEI-2015, weight loss dieting, smoking, alcohol intake, average sleep hours, and perceived level of stress.