Table 1:

PICOS Criteria for Studies Included in Systematic Review

Population of Interest	Inclusions: Adult men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms. Exclusions: Studies in animals, children, adults with neurologic diagnoses, genitourinary malignancy, post-surgical LUTS, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), or interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)
Intervention of Interest	Diagnostic biomarkers that differentiate specific urinary symptoms (i.e. overactive bladder, nocturia, stress urinary incontinence, or voiding symptoms)
Comparison	Any comparison group including control group, historical control, and pre-post designs with subject as own control
Outcomes	Inclusions: Blood, urine, tissue, or salivary biochemical markers associated with specific urinary symptoms. Exclusions: studies where biochemical markers are studied in context with “all LUTS” without differentiation of specific symptoms
Study Design	Cross-sectional, observational, and randomized trial designs