TABLE 1.
Characteristics of participants by quartile of adherence to the Western dietary pattern1
| Quartile of factor score: Western dietary pattern | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 517) | 1, lowest (n = 130) | 2 (n = 129) | 3 (n = 129) | 4, highest (n = 129) | P value2 |
| Age, y | 84.3 ± 4.1 | 83.9 ± 3.9 | 84.7 ± 4.3 | 84.2 ± 4.1 | 84.3 ± 4.1 | 0.47 |
| Race | 0.15 | |||||
| White | 454 (87.8) | 110 (84.6) | 110 (85.3) | 114 (88.4) | 120 (93.0) | |
| Other | 63 (12.2) | 20 (15.4) | 19 (14.7) | 15 (11.6) | 9 (7.0) | |
| Education | 0.17 | |||||
| <High school | 17 (3.3) | 2 (1.5) | 5 (3.9) | 4 (3.1) | 6 (4.6) | |
| High school graduate | 85 (16.4) | 15 (11.5) | 20 (15.5) | 22 (17.1) | 28 (21.7) | |
| Some college | 110 (21.3) | 26 (20.0) | 27 (20.9) | 26 (20.2) | 31 (24.0) | |
| College graduate | 78 (15.1) | 16 (12.3) | 17 (13.2) | 28 (21.7) | 17 (13.2) | |
| Some graduate school | 65 (12.6) | 22 (16.9) | 19 (14.7) | 10 (7.7) | 14 (10.8) | |
| Graduate degree | 162 (31.3) | 49 (37.7) | 41 (31.8) | 39 (30.2) | 33 (25.6) | |
| Clinical center | 0.007 | |||||
| Birmingham | 67 (13.0) | 14 (10.8) | 12 (9.3) | 21 (16.3) | 20 (15.5) | |
| Minneapolis | 80 (15.5) | 18 (13.8) | 24 (18.6) | 18 (13.9) | 20 (15.5) | |
| Palo Alto | 69 (13.4) | 23 (17.7) | 21 (16.3) | 18 (13.9) | 7 (5.4) | |
| Pittsburgh | 82 (15.9) | 14 (10.7) | 15 (11.6) | 17 (13.2) | 36 (27.9) | |
| Portland | 113 (21.9) | 32 (24.6) | 29 (22.5) | 29 (22.5) | 23 (17.8) | |
| San Diego | 106 (20.5) | 29 (22.3) | 28 (21.7) | 26 (20.2) | 23 (17.8) | |
| Smoking | 0.41 | |||||
| Ever | 289 (55.9) | 71 (54.6) | 77 (59.7) | 65 (50.4) | 76 (58.9) | |
| Never | 228 (44.1) | 59 (45.4) | 52 (40.3) | 64 (49.6) | 53 (41.1) | |
| Alcohol, current | 0.46 | |||||
| Yes | 251 (48.6) | 65 (50.0) | 69 (53.5) | 60 (46.5) | 57 (44.2) | |
| No | 266 (51.4) | 65 (50.0) | 60 (46.5) | 69 (53.5) | 72 (55.9) | |
| PASE score | 124 ± 68 | 122 ± 72 | 126 ± 66 | 122 ± 62 | 129 ± 71 | 0.82 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 ± 3.7 | 26.0 ± 3.4 | 26.5 ± 3.6 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 27.9 ± 3.6 | 0.0001 |
| Self-rated health | 0.10 | |||||
| Excellent/good | 464 (89.7) | 120 (92.3) | 115 (89.2) | 120 (93.0) | 109 (84.5) | |
| Fair/poor/very poor | 53 (10.3) | 10 (7.7) | 14 (10.8) | 9 (7.0) | 20 (15.5) | |
| History of multimorbidity3 | 0.74 | |||||
| Yes | 322 (62.3) | 77 (59.2) | 80 (62.0) | 80 (62.0) | 85 (65.9) | |
| No | 195 (37.7) | 53 (40.8) | 49 (38.0) | 49 (38.0) | 44 (34.1) | |
| Microbial diversity | ||||||
| Shannon | 3.39 ± 0.61 | 3.42 ± 0.66 | 3.43 ± 0.62 | 3.38 ± 0.60 | 3.32 ± 0.57 | 0.48 |
| Inverse Simpson | 15.9 ± 9.8 | 16.9 ± 10.2 | 16.6 ± 10.8 | 15.9 ± 9.8 | 14.3 ± 8.3 | 0.14 |
1Values are shown as means ± SD or n (%). PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.
2Derived from either an ANOVA (continuous variables) or Chi square test (categorical variables).
3
Defined as having ≥2 of the following chronic conditions: myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, hip fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, visual impairment, and fall history.