TABLE 2.
Usual intakes of energy and macro- and micronutrients from complementary foods at 9–15 mo by MAL-ED study site1
| BGD | INV | NEB | PKN | BRF | PEL | TZH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy, kcal | 240 ±120 | 580 ± 250 | 300 ± 130 | 460 ± 230 | 880 ± 270 | 510 ± 180 | 850 ± 220 |
| Carbohydrate, %E | 64 ± 6.8 | 61 ± 6.5 | 58 ± 7.7 | 53 ± 8.7 | 53 ± 3.9 | 70 ± 5.7 | 65 ± 6.8 |
| Protein, %E | 12 ± 1.9 | 11 ± 1.6 | 11 ± 2.4 | 11 ± 2 | 17 ± 2.3 | 11 ± 2.2 | 12 ± 1.8 |
| Fat, %E | 20 ± 5.4 | 24 ± 6.3 | 27 ± 7.1 | 33 ± 8.8 | 28 ± 3.2 | 19 ± 4.5 | 19 ± 5.9 |
| Nutrient densities (per 1000 kcal) | |||||||
| Iron, mg | 4.1 (3.2, 4.8) | 3.4 (3, 3.7) | 3.6 (2.6, 4.1) | 3.3 ±(2.3, 4.1) | 14 (11, 17) | 5.9 (3.2, 6.2) | 7.7 (6.8, 8.5) |
| Zinc, mg | 3.5 (3.1, 3.9) | 4 (3.6, 4.4) | 3.5 (3, 4) | 3.3 (2.9, 3.6) | 9.2 (7.9, 11) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.4) | 5.5 (5.2, 5.7) |
| Calcium, mg | 320 (150, 450) | 440 (220, 640) | 330 (180, 450) | 550 (360, 710) | 1100 (1000, 1200) | 360 (170, 470) | 490 (270, 690) |
| Vitamin A, μg | 190 (94, 250) | 230 (130, 330) | 210 (130, 280) | 250 (160, 320) | 1100 (940, 1200) | 430 (200, 500) | 170 (110, 210) |
| Vitamin B6, μg | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) |
| Folate, μg | 110 (83, 130) | 120 (100, 130) | 120 (85, 140) | 95 (73, 110) | 180 (150, 190) | 93 (67, 100) | 69 (58, 78) |
| Vitamin B12, μg | 1.5 (0.8, 2) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 1.3 (0.7, 1.8) | 1.5 (0.8, 2) | 5.1 (4.6, 5.3) | 1.7 (0.9, 2.1) | 1.7 (0.9, 2.5) |
| Vitamin C, mg | 36 (15, 45) | 13 (10, 14) | 19 (9.2, 23) | 19 (10, 23) | 120 (88, 130) | 110 (27, 120) | 5.4 (2.4, 6.9) |
| Breastfed, proportion of days | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (0.7, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (0.9, 1) | 1 (0.5, 1) | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 1) |
1
Intakes are based on the means of ≤7 monthly measures of intake per child. Energy and macronutrient intakes expressed as mean ± SD, and macronutrients are expressed as % of energy (%E). Micronutrient densities per 1000 kcal are shown as median (25th, 75th percentile). BGD, Dhaka, Bangladesh; BRF, Fortaleza, Brazil; INV, Vellore, India; MAL-ED, Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health; NEB, Bhaktapur, Nepal; PEL, Loreto, Peru; PKN, Naushero Feroze, Pakistan; TZH, Haydom, Tanzania.