Table 2.
Multinomial logistic regressions with “Stable non-adherence” (prenatal and 12 months postnatal) as reference group (n = 39)
| Sustained adherence (n = 220) | Change to adherent (n = 90) | Change to Non-adherent (n = 54) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | |
| Fixed effects | ||||||
| Intervention | 0.528 [0.355, 0.785]** | 0.601 [0.396, 0.911]* | 1.196 [0.748, 1.912] | 1.021 [0.629, 1.658] | 2.474 [1.353, 4.526]** | 2.182 [1.177, 4.050]* |
| Covariates (baseline) | ||||||
| Age | 0.982 [0.948, 1.018] | – | 1.018 [0.976, 1.062] | – | 1.013 [0.962, 1.067] | – |
| Educational attainment (ref = up to 10 years) | ||||||
| 10 to 11 years | 1.489 [0.892, 2.484] | 1.452 [0.847, 2.487] | 0.637 [0.355, 1.142] | – | 1.047 [0.507, 2.158] | – |
| 12 years or more | 2.186 [1.234, 3.872]** | 1.810 [0.995, 2.487] | 0.679 [0.355, 1.298] | – | 0.686 [0.292, 1.612] | |
| Monthly income | 1.386 [0.928, 2.071] | – | 0.915 [0.568, 1.475] | – | 0.608 [0.342, 1.082]^ | 0.709 [0.385, 1.307] |
| Relationship status (ref = unmarried living separate) | ||||||
| Unmarried, living together | 1.153 [0.700, 1.899] | – | 1.389 [0.773, 2.495] | – | 0.412 [0.168, 1.012]^ | 0.508 [0.203, 1.271] |
| Married | 1.054 [0.620, 1.790] | – | 1.750 [0.961, 3.186] | – | 0.778 [0.357, 1.694] | 0.922 [0.411, 2.070] |
| Pregnancy Unplanned | 0.743 [0.501, 1.102] | – | 1.694 1.046, 2.746]* | 1.625 [0.993, 2.658]^ | 0.856 [0.483, 1.520] | – |
| Diagnosed during this pregnancy | 1.358 [0.917, 2.013] | – | 0.770 [0.481, 1.232] | – | 1.059 [0.597, 1.879] | – |
| Months since ART initiation | 1.001 [0.993, 1.009] | – | 1.002 [0.993, 1.011] | – | 0.990 [0.975, 1.004] | – |
| Alcohol use | 0.364 [0.199, 0.666]** | 0.440 [0.236, 0.820]* | 1.924 [1.032, 3.584]* | 1.829 [0.969, 3.352]^ | 2.382 [1.178, 4.815]* | 1.950 [0.932, 4.078]^ |
| Stigma | 0.938 [0.805, 1.093] | – | 1.014 [0.847, 1.215] | 0.894 [0.692, 1.153] | – | |
| Disclosure of HIV status to partner | 0.760 [0.508, 1.136] | – | 1.140 [0.704, 1.1845] | – | 0.750 [0.421, 1.334] | – |
| Male involvement | 0.997 [0.936, 1.063] | – | 0.955 [0.886, 1.029] | – | 1.001 [0.912, 1.099] | – |
| Psychological intimate partner violence | 0.965 [0.930, 1.002]^ | 1.011 [0.960, 1.065] | 0.991 [0.947, 1.037] | – | 1.050 [1.004, 1.098]* | 1.043 [0.995, 1.094]^ |
| Physical intimate partner violence | 0.873 [0.797, 1.956]** | 0.886 [0.794, 0.988]* | 1.001 [0.932, 1.075] | – | 1.054 [0.985, 1.128] | – |
| Depression | 0.521 [0.350, 0.776]** | 0.604 [0.397, 0.21]* | 2.155 [1.334, 3.481]** | 2.031 [1.245, 3.311]** | 1.084 [0.611, 1.925] | – |
| Model fit | ||||||
| − 2LL (deviance) | − 374.101 | − 314.773 | − 375.482 | |||
| Number of parameters | 9 | 6 | 8 | |||
| AIC/BIC | 764.20/793.73 | 645.55/673.69 | 760.96/779.42 | |||
AOR, adjusted odds ratio
Random effects indicates the estimated variances from random effects logistic regression model
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ^p < 0.10