Table 1.
Characteristics, diagnoses, and treatments of 325 hospitalized horses according to their kidney status
| Variable | Stage 0 n (%) |
Stages 1‐3 | Azotemia at baseline | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | P | n (%) | P | ||
| Signalment | |||||
| Sex | n = 254 | n = 48 | .68 | n = 13 | .99 |
| Mare | 102 (40.2) | 17 (35.4) | 6 (46.2) | ||
| Gelding | 128 (50.4) | 25 (52.1) | 6 (46.2) | ||
| Stallion | 24 (9.4) | 6 (12.5) | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Breed | n = 252 | n = 47 | .12 | n = 13 | .24 |
| Thoroughbred | 118 (46.8) | 19 (40.4) | 4 (30.8) | ||
| Warmblood | 20 (7.9) | 8 (17.0) | 2 (15.4) | ||
| Pony | 24 (9.5) | 4 (8.5) | 0 | ||
| Cob | 29 (11.5) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Sports Horse | 34 (13.5) | 9 (19.1) | 2 (15.4) | ||
| Other | 27 (10.7) | 6 (12.7) | 4 (30.1) | ||
| Age (years) a | 9 (0‐24) | 9 (0‐20) | .99 | 13 (0‐19) | .97 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||
| SIRS | n = 160 | n = 35 | .05 | n = 9 | .32 |
| 67 (41.8) | 8 (22.9) | 5 (55.6) | |||
| Hypovolemia | n = 166 | n = 38 | .36 | n = 10 | .12 |
| 34 (20.5) | 5 (13.2) | 4 (40) | |||
| Diagnosis | n = 263 | n = 48 | n = 14 | ||
| Small intestinal | 64 (24.3) | 17 (35.4) | .11 | 5 (35.7) | .53 |
| Large intestinal | 88 (33.4) | 16 (33.3) | .99 | 7 (50) | .25 |
| Colon torsion | 23 (8.7) | 4 (8.3) | .99 | 0 | .62 |
| Peritonitis | 19 (7.2) | 4 (8.3) | .77 | 0 | .61 |
| Other abdominal | 20 (7.6) | 2 (4.2) | .55 | 3 (21.4) | .08 |
| Respiratory | 30 (11.4) | 4 (8.3) | .80 | 0 | .38 |
| Orthopedic | 36 (13.7) | 4 (8.3) | .36 | 2 (14.2) | .70 |
| Reproductive | 19 (7.2) | 4 (8.3) | .77 | 2 (14.2) | .29 |
| Number of diagnoses | .47 | .01* a | |||
| 1 | 183 (69.5) | 35 (72.9) | 5 (35.7) | ||
| 2 | 66 (25.1) | 9 (18.8) | 6 (42.3) | ||
| ≥3 | 14 (5.3) | 4 (8.3) | 3 (21.4) | ||
| Treatment | n = 263 | n = 48 | n = 14 | ||
| Number of general anesthetic episodes | .21 | .12 | |||
| 0 | 120 (45.6) | 18 (37.5) | 8 (57.1) | ||
| 1 | 131 (49.8) | 25 (52.1) | 4 (28.6) | ||
| ≥2 | 12 (4.6) | 5 (10.4) | 2 (14.3) | ||
| NSAIDs | 236 (89.7) | 45 (93.8) | .59 | 13 (92.9) | .99 |
| Gentamicin | 174 (66.2) | 37 (77.1) | .18 | 8 (57.1) | .40 |
| Tetracycline | 41 (15.6) | 1 (2.1) | .01* | 2 (14.3) | .70 |
| Polymyxin B | 23 (8.7) | 4 (8.3) | .99 | 1 (7.1) | .99 |
| Synthetic colloids | 30 (11.4) | 3 (6.3) | .44 | 5 (35.7) | .02* |
| Duration of hospitalization (days) a | 8 (2‐48) | 11 (2‐29) | .62 | 7 (3‐21) | .44 |
P‐values identify univariable associations between S0 and S1‐S3 or azotemia, respectively.
Abbreviations: n, number in subset; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; SIRS, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
*
P‐values <.05 indicate a statistically significant difference when compared to S0 group.
a
Kruskal‐Wallis applied for continuous variables; median and range reported.