Fig. 7.

Effect of paired-homeodomain transcription factor 4 (PAX4) on glucose uptake in Caco-2 cells. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were transduced with a scrambled control [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats plasmid (pCRISPR)-Control] or CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 (CAS9)-PAX4 with or without aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1 shRNA (shBMAL1) for 72 h. The Caco-2 cells were then incubated in 1 µCi/ml of [¹⁴C]methyl-α-d-[U-¹⁴C]glucopyranoside ([¹⁴C]αMG) for 2 h. The accumulation and the transepithelial transport of [¹⁴C]αMG were determined (A). The [³H]mannitol radioactivity was measured simultaneously for validation of paracellular flux (B). Each bar represents the mean ± SE of 3 separate trials. ***P < 0.001, significantly different from scrambled control group.