Fig. 3.
Renal nerve denervation (RND) decreases inflammatory renal cytokines. Renal tissue and serum were collected from young 3- to 4-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats that underwent sham surgery (Sham Sx; n = 8) or bilateral RND (n = 10), followed by subcutaneous infusion of nicotine (15 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 2 wk. A and B: levels of renal cytokines (A) and serum cytokines (B) were assessed by Luminex. Cytokines levels are reported as fold change above Sham Sx. Student’s t-test was performed to determine significance between RND and Sham Sx groups. GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; MIP-1a, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. Error bars represent means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.