Table 1.
Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ginseng berry extracts reported in previous literature.
| Ext. Solvent | Constituent | Activity | Region | Effective Dose (mg/kg) (route/animal/day) | Estimated Human Dose (mg/60 kg/day) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol Water | Rb1, Rb2, Rd,Re,Rf, Rg1, Rg2, 20SRg3, Rg6, Rh1, Rh4,Rk1,Rk3, F1,F4 | Hepatoprotective | South Korea | 100–500 (PO/rat) | 972.4–4862 | [3] |
| Ethanol | Polysaccharide K | Anti-immunosenescent | 30 (PO/mouse) | 146 | [4] | |
| Butanol | Re | Antidiabetic | China | 150 as ext.5–20 as Re(PO/mouse) | 729 as ext.24.3–97.3 as Re | [10] |
| ND | Polysaccharides | Antidiabetic | USA | 150 (IP/mouse) | [11] | |
| Ethylacetate | Re | Antidiabetic | South Korea | 20–50 (PO/mouse) | 97.3–243.3 | [12] |
| 70% ethanol | Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rg2 | Penile erection | South Korea | 20–150 (PO/rat) | 194.5–1458.7 | [13] |
| 70% ethanol | Antipigmentation | In vitro | [14] | |||
| Butanol | Rg1, Re, Rh1, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rg3, 20R-Rg3, Rh2 | Anticancer | USA | 50 (PO/mouse) | 243.3 | [15] |
| Water | Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf | Blood circulation | 50–150 (PO/rat) | 486.2–1458.7 | [16] |