Table 1.
The distribution of the polyphenolic compounds in propolis extracts (LC-MS assay).
| RT | m/z | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | |||||||||||||
| μg/mL | % | μg/mL | % | μg/mL | % | μg/mL | % | |||||||||||
| Gallic acid | 5.175 | 169 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Protocatechuic acid | 11.112 | 153 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Caffeic acid | 22.341 | 179 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Epicatechin | 22.205 | 289 | 3.16 ± 0.97 | 0.43 | nd | 0.00 | 2.56 ± 1.82 | 0.42 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| p-Coumaric acid | 24.316 | 163 | nd | 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Ferulic acid | 24.753 | 193 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Rutin | 25.910 | 609 | 7.15 ± 3.03 | 0.98 | 10.11 ± 3.22 | 0.86 | 2.94 ± 1.82 | 0.48 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||
| Rosmarinic acid | 29.289 | 359 | 67.81 ± 5.38 | 9.33 | 84.81 ± 6.03 | 7.20 | 26.41 ± 1.98 | 4.34 | 49.11 ± 27.85 | 7.34 | ||||||||
| Resveratrol | 29.442 | 227 | 18.66 ± 2.79 | 2.57 | 94.34 ± 8.44 | 8.01 | 10.04 ± 4.26 | 1.65 | 43.69 ± 26.67 | 6.53 | ||||||||
| Quercetin | 31.650 | 301 | 154.46 ± 7.16 | 21.27 | 328.35 ± 68.46 | 27.91 | 146.44 ± 12.18 | 24.06 | 44.65 ± 12.25 | 6.68 | ||||||||
| Kaempferol | 34.535 | 285 | 475.07 ± 40.67 | 65.41 | 658.94 ± 75.40 | 56.00 | 420.19 ± 51.18 | 69.04 | 531.38 ± 64.14 | 79.45 | ||||||||
| Total | - | - | 726.31 ± 60.00 | 100 | 1176.61 ± 161.59 | 100 | 608.58 ± 73.24 | 100 | 668.83 ± 130.91 | 100 | ||||||||
| P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | |||||||||||||||
| μg/mL | % | μg/mL | % | μg/mL | % | μg/mL | % | |||||||||||
| Gallic acid (GA) | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Protocatechuic acid (PA) | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Caffeic acid (CA) | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Epicatechin (EC) | 2.69 ± 1.90 | 0.56 | 2.31 ± 1.70 | 0.30 | 2.38 ± 1.69 | 0.25 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| p-Coumaric acid (CU) | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Ferulic acid (FE) | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Rutin (RU) | nd | 0.00 | 1.03 ± 0.73 | 0.13 | 6.64 ± 1.55 | 0.70 | nd | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Rosmarinic acid (RO) | 36.82 ± 3.59 | 7.69 | 57.18 ± 7.16 | 7.46 | 54.57 ± 4.46 | 5.72 | 87.53 ± 6.11 | 14.04 | ||||||||||
| Resveratrol (RES) | 15.91 ± 2.42 | 3.32 | 4.90 ± 0.57 | 0.64 | 188.50 ± 42.52 | 19.77 | 12.69 ± 0.83 | 2.03 | ||||||||||
| Quercetin (QU) | 118.49 ± 8.11 | 24.73 | 15.07 ± 4.80 | 1.97 | 167.07 ± 11.67 | 17.52 | 22.61 ± 10.28 | 3.62 | ||||||||||
| Kaempferol (KE) | 305.21 ± 23.11 | 63.70 | 686.11 ± 75.11 | 85.50 | 534.52 ± 57.35 | 56.05 | 500.78 ± 47.51 | 80.30 | ||||||||||
| Total | 479.12 ± 39.13 | 100 | 766.59 ± 90.07 | 100 | 953.69 ± 119.25 | 100 | 623.61 ± 64.75 | 100 | ||||||||||
Legend: RT = retention time, m/z = mass to charge ratio, nd = not detected. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent measurements.