Decreasing NO3− and NO2− by BiSCaO, SSP-Ca(OH)2, LiMCaO, and LiMCa(OH)2. (a,b) The concentration of NO3− and NO2− at the indicated reaction times after adding 0.2 wt% BiSCaO-6, BiSCaO-2000 or LiMCaO powders to pure water containing 1.8 ppm NO2− and 30 ppm NO3− were measured. BiSCaO-6 (seven days) and BiSCaO-2000 (seven days) were incubated at 37 °C in the absence of desiccant for seven days before adding to pure water containing NO3− and NO2−. (c,d) Each BiSCaO and LiMCaO powder was hydrated in pure water during several time periods, then added to pure water containing NO3− and NO2−. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 1 h and the concentration of NO3− and NO2− was measured.