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. 2019 May 9;73(6):1133–1150. doi: 10.1111/evo.13753

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© 2019 The Authors Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Estimation of changes in magnitude of μ across time intervals for Model C under different values of background extinction and MEE survival probability, ρ. In this model, λ is estimated but assumed constant over time; that is, MEEs are only detected through changes in the magnitude of μ. The red line represents the true simulated value; this has been adjusted for ρ = 0.1 in the MEE time interval to reflect the effect of the MEE (see text). Notice the large increase of μ (>1) in the MEE time interval for ρ = 0.1, indicating the presence of the MEE, while this effect is not seen in the control scenario (ρ = 1). See Figure S9 for the results with varying values of N (100, 200, and 500).