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. 2019 Sep 12;24(18):3319. doi: 10.3390/molecules24183319

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The effects of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus (FvF) on the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-ativated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. The effects of FvF on the regulation of pAMPK (a), phosphorylation of HMG-CoA reductase (pHMGCR) (b), phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC) (c), and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1C) (d). C, control group; M, cells treated with 100 μM PA for 24 h; Metf and FvF, cells treated with 100 μM sodium palmitate (PA) for 24 h then incubated with metformin (2 mM) or FvF (100 μg/mL) for another 6 h. SREBP-1C ratio was calculated by 125 kDa immature form divided by 68 kDa mature form. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Differences were assessed by ANOVAs and statistical results are denoted as follows: * p < 0.05 versus the control group; # p < 0.05 versus the model group.