Table 1.
Life history parameters for five putative insect vectors of lumpy skin disease virus
| Parameter | Symbol | Range | Comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stomoxys calcitrans | ||||
| Biting rate (day−1) | a | 0.33–6 | Time interval between blood meals (1/a) of 4–72 hr | Salem, Franc, Jacquiet, Bouhsira, and Lienard (2012); Baldacchino et al. (2013) |
| Vector to host ratio | m | 30–145 | – | Kunz and Monty (1976); Jacquiet et al. (2014) |
| Mortality rate (day−1) | μ | 0.04–0.11 | Median lifespan (1/μ) of 9–26 days | Salem et al. (2012); Skovgård and Nachman (2017) |
| Culicoides nubeculosus | ||||
| Biting rate (day−1) | a | 0–0.4 | Based on duration of gonotrophic cycle | Birley and Boorman (1982); Braverman, Linley, Marcus, and Frish (1985); Mullens, Gerry, Lysyk, and Schmidtmann (2004) |
| Vector to host ratio | m | 0–5,000 | Based on a maximum host biting rate (m × a) of 2,500 bites per host per day | Gerry, Mullens, MacLachlan, and Mecham (2001) |
| Mortality rate (day−1) | μ | 0.1–0.5 | Based on proportion of females surviving gonotrophic cycle | Birley and Boorman (1982); Braverman et al. (1985) |
| Aedes aegypti | ||||
| Biting rate (day−1) | a | 0.18–0.23 | – | Scott et al. (2000); Liu‐Helmersson, Stenlund, Wilder‐Smith, and Rocklöv (2014) |
| Vector to host ratio | m | 0–80 | Modelled ratio of Aedes to cattle | Gachohi, Njenga, Kitala, and Bett (2016) |
| Mortality rate (day−1) | μ | 0.07–0.2 | Lifespan of 5–15 days estimated using a modelling analysis of 50 mark‐release‐recapture field studies | Brady et al. (2013) |
| Anopheles stephensi | ||||
| Biting rate (day−1) | a | 0.25–0.5 | Time interval between blood meals (1/a) of 2–4 days | Killeen et al. (2000); Charlwood et al. (2016) |
| Vector to host ratio | m | 0.6–60 | Based on a host biting rate (m × a) of around 2–120 bites per host per day | Killeen et al. (2000); Ryan et al. (2017) |
| Mortality rate (day−1) | μ | 0.02–0.38 | Daily survival probability (exp(−μ)) of 0.68–0.98 | Kiszewski et al. (2004) |
| Culex quinquefasciatus | ||||
| Biting rate (day−1) | a | 0.08–0.25 | Time interval between blood meals (1/a) of 4–12 days | Griffith and Turner (1996); Reisen, Fang, and Martinez (2006) |
| Vector to host ratio | m | 0–80 | Modelled ratio of Culex to cattle | Gachohi et al. (2016) |
| Mortality rate (day−1) | μ | 0.07–0.84 | – | Gad, Feinsod, Soliman, and Said (1989); Jones, Lounibos, Marra, and Kilpatrick (2012) |