. 2019 Sep 19;19(18):4039. doi: 10.3390/s19184039

Table 4.

Summary of voltammetric methods published so far for the determination of paracetamol, ibuprofen, and caffeine.

Electrode	Technique	Analyte	LOD (mg L⁻¹)	Application	Ref.
Multiwalled carbon nanotube modified basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode	AdSV	PA	0.002	Drugs	[9]
Poly (4-vinylpyridine)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode	DPV	PA	0.0003	Drugs, urine	[10]
Carbon nanotube modified pyrolytic graphite electrode	CV SWV	PA	0.0004	Drugs, urine	[11]
Nanogold modified indium tin oxide electrode	DPV	PA	0.03	Drugs	[12]
Nafion/TiO₂–graphene modified glassy carbon electrode	CV DPV	PA	0.03	Drugs	[13]
C₆₀-modified glassy carbon electrode	DPV	PA	7.6	Drugs, urine	[14]
Carbon ionic liquid electrode	CV DPV	PA	0.05	Drugs, urine	[15]
Chitosan modified carbon paste electrode	CV SWV	PA	0.08	Water samples, drugs, urine	[16]
Carbon paste-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite electrode	DPV	IB	0.6	Drugs	[17]
Poly(L-aspartic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode	CV SWV	IB	0.03	Drugs, urine	[18]
Boron-doped diamond electrode	CV DPV	IB	0.8	Drugs	[19]
Screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon nanofibers	CV DPV	IB	0.05	Drugs	[20]
Gold nanoparticle-glassy carbon paste composite electrode	DPV	CF	0.2	Beverages	[21]
Anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode	CV SWV	CF	0.02	Drugs	[22]
All the electrodes cited therein	Various	CF	9 × 10⁻⁵–47.4	Drugs, urine, serum, beverages	[23]⁽*⁾
HKUST-1 metal-organic framework-carbon nanofiber composite electrode	CV	IB, diclofenac	0.02 (IB)	Water samples	[24]
Boron-doped diamond electrode	DPV	PA, IB	1.1 (PA) 0.8 (IB)	Drugs	[25]
Boron-doped diamond electrode	SWV DPV	PA, CF	0.07 (PA) 0.007 (CF)	Drugs	[26]
Glassy carbon electrode	DPSV	PA, phenobarbital	0.04 (PA)	Drugs	[27]
Screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon nanofibers.	DPV	PA, IB, CF	0.03 (PA) 0.6 (IB) 0.05 (CF)	Water samples	This work

⁽*⁾ Reference 23 corresponds to a review about determination of caffeine. AdSV: adsorptive stripping voltammetry, DPV: differential pulse voltammetry, SWV: square wave voltammetry, CV: cyclic voltammetry, DPSV: differential pulse stripping voltammetry; PA: paracetamol, IB: ibuprofen, CF: caffeine.