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. 2019 Mar 25;60(8):866–874. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13053

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© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Possible paths between neurodevelopmental difficulties and irritability to depression

1. Neurodevelopmental difficulties ⟶ depression (path a)

2. Irritability ⟶ depression (path c)

3. Neurodevelopmental difficulties ⟶ irritability ⟶ depression (paths b and c)

4. Irritability ⟶ neurodevelopmental difficulties ⟶ depression (paths d and a)