Table 1.
Measures Used to Derive Factor Scores for Analyses
| Factors | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |
Expressive Vocabulary Sentence Structure (CELF–P‐2) TEGI |
Receptive Vocabulary (ROWPVT) Sentence Structure (CELF–P‐2) TEGI |
Expressive Vocabulary Sentence Structure (CELF–4) TEGI |
Expressive Vocabulary Word Structure (CELF–4) TROG–2 |
Expressive Vocabulary Formulated Sentences (CELF–4) TROG–2 |
| Phonology |
Percent consonants correct (DEAP) Word and nonword repetition (PSRep) |
Percent consonants correct (DEAP) Word and nonword repetition (PSRep) |
Nonword repetition (PSRep and NNWRep) | Nonword repetition (NNWRep) | Nonword repetition (NNWRep and CNRep) |
| Phonological awareness | — |
Alliteration matching Phoneme isolation |
Phoneme isolation Phoneme deletion (YARC) |
Phoneme deletion (YARC + extension items) | Phoneme deletion (YARC+extension items) |
| Rapid automatized naming (RAN) | — |
RAN objects RAN color |
RAN objects (Trial 1, Trial 2) |
RAN objects RAN digits |
RAN objects RAN digits |
| Decoding | — |
Regular words (EWR) Irregular words (EWR) |
Regular words (EWR and SWRT) Irregular words (EWR) |
Word reading total (EWR and SWRT) |
Word reading (SWRT) Exception word reading |
| Motor skills |
Posting coins Threading beads Bicycle trail (ABC–2) |
Posting coins Threading beads Bicycle trail (ABC–2) |
Posting coins Threading beads (ABC–2) |
Posting coins Threading beads (ABC–2) |
— |
| Executive function |
Selective attention (visual search efficiency) Inhibition (dog/bird task efficiency) Self‐regulation (HTKS) |
Selective attention (visual search) Sustained attention (ACPT) Self‐regulation (HTKS) Visuo‐spatial memory (block recall) |
Selective attention (visual search) Sustained attention (ACPT efficiency) Self‐regulation (HTKS) Visuo‐spatial memory (block recall) |
Selective attention (visual search) Inhibition (Go/No‐Go commission errors) Visuo‐spatial memory (block recall) |
Selective attention (visual search) Inhibition (Go/No‐Go commission errors) Visuo‐spatial memory (block recall) |
ROWPVT = Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test; CELF–4 = Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamental, 4th ed.; CELF–P‐2 = CELF Preschool 2; TEGI = Test of Early Grammatical Impairment; EWR = Early Word Reading; TROG–2 = Test for Reception of Grammar, Version 2; DEAP = Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology; YARC = York Assessment of Reading for Comprehension; SWRT = Single Word Reading Test; ABC–2 = Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd ed.; HTKS = Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders; ACPT = Auditory Continuous Performance Test; CNRep = Children's Nonword Repetition.