Table 2.
Univariate Analysis Of Risk Factors And Outcomes For Patients With CP-CRE, Non-CP-CRE, And ESBL Bacteremia
| Variable | CP-CRE(n = 55) | Non-CP-CRE(n = 25) | ESBLs | CP-CRE vs Non-CP-CRE | CP-CRE vs ESBLs | Non-CP-CRE vs ESBLs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 60) | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | ||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Gender, male, n (%) | 36 (65.45%) | 15 (60%) | 32 (53.33%) | 0.82 (0.30–2.22) | 0.70 | 1.477 (0.58–3.72) | 0.41 | 0.95 (0.32–2.80) | 0.93 | |
| Age | 60.55 ± 14.53 | 53.04 ± 16.69 | 54.83 ± 12.26 | NA | 0.04 | NA | 0.02 | NA | 0.45 | |
| Pre-existing medical conditions | ||||||||||
| Surgery in the last 6 months | 33 (60.00%) | 11 (44.00%) | 32 (53.33%) | 1.03 (0.33–3.27) | 0.95 | 1.35 (0.64–2.82) | 0.42 | 0.51 (0.16–1.66) | 0.26 | |
| Cancer | 35 (63.63%) | 10 (40.00%) | 15 (25.00%) | 2.84 (1.07–7.53) | 0.03 | 5.22 (2.11–13.00) | 0.001 | 2.24 (0.69–7.30) | 0.18 | |
| Liver cancer | 13 (23.63%) | 1 (4.00%) | 1 (1.67%) | 8.79 (1.07–71.93) | 0.04 | 8.73 (0.23–330.11) | 0.22 | 1.16 (0.02–72.70) | 0.94 | |
| Pancreatic cancer | 8 (14.54%) | 1 (4.00%) | 1 (1.67%) | 4.74 (0.55–41.11) | 0.16 | 11.51 (1.17–112.29) | 0.036 | 7.51 (0.3–89.86) | 0.21 | |
| Leukemia | 4 (7.27%) | 4 (16.00%) | 5 (8.33%) | 0.63 (0.14–2.84) | 0.55 | 0.16 (0.02–1.17) | 0.07 | 0.26 (0.02–2.50) | 0.24 | |
| Other cancers | 10 (18.18%) | 4 (16.00%) | 7 (11.67%) | 0.88 (0.26–2.94) | 0.85 | 1.79 (0.48–6.72) | 0.38 | 0.97 (0.19–4.78) | 0.97 | |
| Diabetes | 13 (23.63%) | 5 (20.00%) | 12 (20.00%) | 0.88 (0.21–3.63) | 0.86 | 1.01 (0.33–3.12) | 0.98 | 1.02 (0.24–4.36) | 0.97 | |
| Heart failure | 12 (21.81%) | 2 (8.00%) | 4 (6.67%) | 1.99 (0.29–13.45) | 0.48 | 3.43 (0.79–14.56) | 0.09 | 1.43 (0.17–12.34) | 0.74 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 12 (21.81%) | 3 (12.00%) | 8 (13.33%) | 1.18 (0.20–6.83) | 0.84 | 1.46 (0.41–5.16) | 0.56 | 1.94 (0.37–10.11) | 0.43 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (9.09%) | 1 (4.00%) | 4 (6.67%) | 2.12 (0.21–21.43) | 0.52 | 1.16 (0.24–5.65) | 0.85 | 0.68 (0.05–8.35) | 0.76 | |
| Liver disease | 4 (7.27%) | 1 (4.00%) | 2 (3.33%) | 1.51 (0.14–16.08) | 0.74 | 1.18 (0.14–9.47) | 0.87 | 1.77 (0.15–21.22) | 0.65 | |
| Immunocompromising comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Chemotherapy | 20 (36.36%) | 7 (28.00%) | 6 (10.00%) | 1.76 (0.44–7.14) | 0.42 | 3.68 (1.16–11.64) | 0.026 | 2.25 (0.48–10.48) | 0.30 | |
| Solid organ transplantation | 5 (9.09%) | 1 (4.00%) | 1 (1.67%) | 1.11 (0.074–16.64) | 0.94 | 0.29 (0.01–11.86) | 0.52 | 2.86 (0.11–74.65) | 0.53 | |
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | 2 (3.63%) | 4 (16.00%) | 1 (1.67%) | 0.21 (0.015–3.02) | 0.25 | 1.55 (0.08–27.24) | 0.77 | 1.95 (0.11–34.63) | 0.65 | |
| Chronic corticosteroid therapya | 9 (16.36%) | 3 (12.00%) | 1 (1.67%) | 1.75 (0.27–11.01) | 0.55 | 2.13 (0.51–8.88) | 0.29 | 1.39 (0.24–8.05) | 0.71 | |
| Absolute neutrophil count <200 cells/mL | 14 (25.45%) | 6 (24.00%) | 4 (6.67%) | 1.14 (0.26–4.98) | 0.84 | 1.42 (0.40–5.01) | 0.58 | 1.96 (0.34–11.38) | 0.45 | |
| Likely source of bacteremia | ||||||||||
| Urinary tract | 12 (21.81%) | 5 (20.00%) | 23 (38.33%) | 0.57 (0.10–3.18) | 0.52 | 1.06 (0.40–2.63) | 0.96 | 0.85 (0.18–3.94) | 0.84 | |
| Pneumonia | 29 (52.72%) | 8 (32.00%) | 20 (33.33%) | 2.43 (0.51–11.63) | 0.26 | 2.05 (0.82–5.10) | 0.12 | 0.27 (0.05–1.53) | 0.14 | |
| Intra-abdominal | 12 (21.81%) | 2 (8.00%) | 3 (5.00%) | 3.13 (0.32–30.92) | 0.32 | 2.38 (0.53–10.74) | 0.26 | 3.88 (0.61–24.86) | 0.15 | |
| Biliary tract | 11 (20.00%) | 4 (16.00%) | 6 (10.00%) | 0.23 (0.02–2.29) | 0.21 | 1.20 (0.32–4.53) | 0.78 | 1.07 (0.17–6.91) | 0.94 | |
| Invasive operations | ||||||||||
| On dialysis | 4 (7.27%) | 1 (4.00%) | 2 (3.33%) | 2.37 (0.23–24.11) | 0.46 | 4.42 (0.62–31.99) | 0.14 | 4.60 (0.31–68.38) | 0.26 | |
| Transfusion | 34 (61.82%) | 10 (40.00%) | 7 (10.17%) | 1.74 (0.57–5.36) | 0.33 | 18.44 (4.61–73.79) | 0.001 | 8.23 (1.51–44.79) | 0.015 | |
| Gastric tube use | 29 (52.72%) | 9 (36.00%) | 7 (11.67%) | 0.69 (0.12–3.83) | 0.68 | 2.02 (0.56–7.32) | 0.28 | 2.48 (0.54–11.39) | 0.24 | |
| Drainage tube use | 36 (65.45%) | 8 (32.00%) | 22 (36.67%) | 6.73 (1.05–43.03) | 0.04 | 1.98 (0.77–5.12) | 0.17 | 0.53 (0.15–1.83) | 0.31 | |
| Urinary catheterization | 46 (83.63%) | 16 (64.00%) | 37 (61.67%) | 1.54 (0.29–8.17) | 0.61 | 2.30 (0.75–7.04) | 0.15 | 1.01 (0.27–3.82) | 0.98 | |
| Tracheal cannula | 28 (50.90%) | 9 (36.00%) | 7 (11.67%) | 0.53 (0.07–3.94) | 0.54 | 1.69 (0.40–7.10) | 0.47 | 0.96 (0.18–5.08) | 0.96 | |
| Venous catheterization | 43 (78.18%) | 19 (76.00%) | 13 (21.67%) | 0.80 (0.12–5.48) | 0.82 | 9.29 (2.99–28.822) | 0.001 | 12.69 (3.26–49.31) | 0.001 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 22 (40.00%) | 8 (32.00%) | 10 (16.67%) | 0.76 (0.17–3.31) | 0.72 | 0.44 (0.12–1.62) | 0.28 | 0.47 (0.10–2.67) | 0.34 | |
| Antibiotic treatment before the positive bacteria isolation | ||||||||||
| Penicillin | 15 (27.27%) | 5 (20.00%) | 13 (21.67%) | 0.58 (0.10–3.33) | 0.54 | 0.69 (0.17–2.75) | 0.60 | 0.89 (0.23–3.43) | 0.87 | |
| Cephalosporins | 23 (41.82%) | 7 (28.00%) | 22 (36.60%) | 0.63 (0.14–2.83) | 0.55 | 1.36 (0.64–2.89) | 0.44 | 0.44 (0.14–1.44) | 0.17 | |
| Fluoroquinolone | 10 (18.18%) | 3 (12.00%) | 15 (25.00%) | 0.73 (0.10–5.21) | 0.76 | 0.67 (0.27–1.64) | 0.38 | 0.24 (0.05–1.21) | 0.08 | |
| Aminoglycosides | 10 (18.18%) | 2 (8.00%) | 4 (6.67%) | 4.86 (0.55–42.55) | 0.15 | 3.92 (0.89–17.28) | 0.07 | 1.39 (0.21–9.12) | 0.73 | |
| Carbapenem | 29(52.72%) | 5 (20.00%) | 4 (6.67%) | 12.63 (2.30–69.34) | 0.004 | 28.32 (7.71–104.08) | 0.001 | 3.83 (0.68–21.50) | 0.12 | |
| Prognosis | ||||||||||
| Mortality | 34 (61.82%) | 6 (24.00%) | 4 (6.67%) | NA | 0.002 | NA | 0.001 | NA | 0.001 | |
| Length of hospitalization | 66.64 ± 108.89 | 33.67 ± 32.76 | 25.95 ± 14.68 | NA | 0.04 | NA | 0.001 | NA | 0.001 | |
| Admission to ICU | 34 (61.82%) | 8 (32.00%) | 13 (21.67%) | 4.12 (1.22–13.94) | 0.023 | 4.09 (1.64–10.25) | 0.003 | 0.92 (0.22–3.88) | 0.90 | |
| Length of ICU stay | 20.91 ± 41.43 | 5.92 ± 20.72 | 2.67 ± 6.23 | NA | 0.03 | NA | 0.001 | NA | 0.018 | |
Notes: Antibiotic treatment refers to empirical antibiotic treatment before bacterial culture results. aUse of corticosteroids (prednisone equivalent >20 mg/day) for at least 14 days, or other recognized immunosuppressive therapy.
Abbreviation: NA, Not applicable.