Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to quartiles of brachial pulse pressure
| Total (N=1910) | Q1 (n=343) | Q2 (n=406) | Q3 (n=506) | Q4 (n=656) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulse pressure range, mmHg | 5–177 | 15–51 | 52–61 | 62–72 | 73–131 |
| Men, n (%) | 1329 (70) | 327 (70) | 325 (75) | 292 (70) | 378 (64) |
| Age, years | 61 (54–68) | 56 (47–62) | 59 (54–66) | 63 (56–69) | 66 (60–71) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 ± 5 | 29.3 ± 5.3 | 29.1 ± 4.7 | 29.2 ± 5.2 | 28.3 ± 4.7 |
| Smoking current, n (%) | 466 (24) | 136 (29) | 113 (26) | 87 (21) | 104 (24) |
| Pack‐years | 13 (0–31) | 12 (0–28) | 14 (1–32) | 14 (0–33) | 14 (0–33) |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 867 (45) | 204 (44) | 219 (50) | 193 (46) | 169 (39) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 145 ± 21 | 126 ± 11 | 140 ± 12 | 150 ± 12 | 169 ± 18 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 83 ± 12 | 82 ± 10 | 83 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 84 ± 13 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 4 (1–10) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (1–9) | 4 (1–10) | 5 (1–11) |
| Medication, n (%) | |||||
| Glucose‐lowering | 1262 (66) | 290 (62) | 286 (66) | 285 (68) | 286 (66) |
| Insulin | 455 (24) | 98 (21) | 98 (23) | 106 (25) | 108 (25) |
| Lipid‐lowering | 1218 (64) | 255 (54) | 274 (63) | 265 (63) | 263 (61) |
| Blood pressure‐lowering | 1168 (62) | 237 (51) | 262 (60) | 274 (65) | 295 (68) |
| Vascular disease, n (%) | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 842 (44) | 175 (37) | 210 (48) | 197 (47) | 184 (42) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 364 (19) | 67 (14) | 64 (15) | 74 (18) | 128 (30) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 269 (14) | 42 (9) | 49 (11) | 63 (15) | 99 (23) |
| Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 92 (5) | 18 (4) | 28 (6) | 20 (5) | 16 (4) |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| Glucose, mmol/l | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 2.7 | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 9.0 ± 2.8 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 54 ± 14 | 55 ± 16 | 52 ± 12 | 54 ± 12 | 55 ± 12 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.0 ± 1.2 | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.2 |
| Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 77.1 ± 22.5 | 82.6 ± 23.0 | 79.3 ± 20.8 | 76.3 ± 20.7 | 71.7 ± 20.6 |
| Micro‐albuminuria, n (%) | 417 (23) | 90 (19) | 94 (22) | 108 (26) | 132 (30) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 5.0 ± 1.4 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.1 |
| Non‐HDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.5 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 1.6 (1.2–2.4) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) |
Continuous variables are shown as mean ± SD, count variables as n(%), and non‐normally distributed variables as median (interquartile range).