| CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
| ESRD | End-stage renal disease |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| GFR | Glomerular filtration rate |
| ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
| AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
| ALP, | Alkaline phosphatase |
| LDH | Lactate dehydrogenase |
| CHE | Cholinesterase and |
| TC | Total cholesterol |
| TG | Triglycerides |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol |
| HDL | High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| CAT | Catalase |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| Nrf2 | NF-E2-related factor 2 |
| Keap1 | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| HO-1 | Heme oxygenase-1 |
| AMPK | Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| DCFH-DA | Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.