Table 5.
Wireless networks.
| Technology | Standard | Data Rate | Frequency Band | Power Consumption | Complexity Transmission Range | Strengths | Application Areas | Encryption/Authentication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bluetooth | IEEE802.15.1 | 24 Mbps (v3.0) | 2.4 GHz | Low | 10 m typical | Small networks Security, speed Easy access Flexibility |
HAN | Challenge response scheme/CRC32 |
| WiFi | EEE802.11x | 11,54 to 300 Mbps outdoor |
2.4 GHz 5 GHz |
Very high | Up to100 m | Popular in HAN Speed, flexibility |
HAN | 4-Way handshake/ CRC32 |
| Z-Wave | 802.11 | 100Kbps | 2.4GHz 868.42 MHz (EU) |
Low | 30 m indoor; 100 m outdoor |
No interferences | HAN, NAN | AES128/ 32bit home I.D |
| Zigbee | IEEEE802.15.4 | 256 Kbps | 2.4 GHz | Very low | 10–100 m | Low cost Low consume Flexible topology |
HAN,NAN | ENC-MIC-128 Encrypted key/ CRC16 |
| LPWAN | SigFox LoRaWAN NB-IoT |
0.3 to 50 kbit/s per channel |
915 MHz | Low | 10 km in rural settings |
Low power Low cost |
NAN,WAN | Symmetric key cryptography/AES 128b |
| 6LoWPAN | IEEEE802.15.4 | 250 Kbps | 2.4 GHz | Low | Up to 200 m | Low energy use | HAN, NAN | Symmetric key cryptography/AES 128b |
| GSM/GPRS | ETSI GSM EN 301349 EN 301347 |
14.4 Kbps (GSM) 114 Kbps (GPRS) |
935 MHz Europe 1800 MHz |
Low | Several Km | Low cost Signal quality |
HAN, NAN WAN |
64 bit A5/1 encryption/ Session key generation |
| WLAN | IEEE 802.11 | 150 Mbps | 2.4 GHz Europe |
Low | 250m | Robustness | HAN, WAN | WEP, WPA, WPA2/ Open, Shared EAP |
| 5G | 5G Tech Tracker | Up to 20 Gbps | 3400-3800 MHz awarding trial licenses (EU) |
Very Low | 46 m indoor; 92m outdoor |
High speed Low latency |
HAN, WAN | Symmetric key encryption/ Mobility management entity |
| 3G | UMTS | Up to 14.4 Mbps | 450,800 MHz 1.9 GHz |
Low | Up to 100 m | Fast Data Transfer |
HAN,WAN | CDMA2000/ Authentication and Key Agreement |