Table 1.
Background characteristics of COPD patients (n = 1290) and non-COPD participants (n = 199).
| General characteristics | n | COPD (n = 1290) | n | Non-COPD (n = 199) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 1290 | 784 (60.8) | 199 | 102 (51.3) | 0.011 |
| Age, years | 1290 | 64.7 ± 9.4 | 199 | 63.1 ± 9.4 | 0.053 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1232a | 380 (30.8) | 199 | 45 (22.6) | 0.018 |
| Pack years | 194b | 40.3 ± 20 | 133l | 16.8 ± 20.6 | <0.001 |
| Long term oxygen therapy, n (%) | 194c | 54 (27.8) | - | - | - |
| Charlson comorbidity index, points | 543d | 2 (1–3) | 66m | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 |
| COPD assessment test, points | 696e | 19 (13–25) | - | - | - |
| Partner, n (%) | 1250f | 951 (76.1) | 199 | 169 (84.9) | 0.006 |
| Level of education, n (%) | 1226g | 199 | 0.585 | ||
| Intermediate vocational education or lower | 889 (72.5) | 148 (74.4) | |||
| Secondary general education or higher | 337 (27.5) | 51 (25.6) | |||
| Working status, n (%) | 1237h | 198n | 0.415 | ||
| Paid work | 310 (25.1) | 55 (27.8) | |||
| No paid work | 927 (74.9) | 143 (72.2) | |||
| Body composition | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1290 | 26 ± 5 | 199 | 27.5 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
| Underweight, n (%) | 203 (15.7) | 9 (4.5) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal weight, n (%) | 384 (29.8) | 58 (29.1) | |||
| Overweight, n (%) | 455 (35.3) | 82 (41.2) | |||
| Obese, n (%) | 248 (19.2) | 50 (25.1) | |||
| Spirometry | |||||
| FEV 1 (% predicted) | 1290 | 55.5 ± 18.9 | 199 | 111.5 ± 20.8 | <0.001 |
| FEV 1 (Litres) |
1290 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 199 | 3.1 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| FVC (Litres) | 1290 | 3.5 ± 1 | 199 | 4 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
| GOLD, n (%) | 1290 | - | |||
| I | 131 (10.2) | - | - | ||
| II | 631 (48.9) | - | - | ||
| III | 430 (33.3) | - | - | ||
| IV | 98 (7.6) | - | - | ||
| Medications in use, nr | 194i | 7 (5–11) | 133o | 2 (1–5) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnoea | |||||
| mMRC, points | 744j | 2(1–3) | - | ||
| <2 mild dyspnoea, n (%) | 346 (46.5) | - | - | - | |
| ⩾2 severe dyspnoea, n (%) | 398 (53.5) | - | - | ||
| Fatigue | |||||
| CIS-Fatigue, points | 1290 | 35 (26–44) | 199 | 20 (12–28) | <0.001 |
| Normal fatigue, n (%) | 329 (25.5) | 146 (73.4) | <0.001 | ||
| Mild fatigue, n (%) | 335 (26.0) | 33 (16.6) | |||
| Severe fatigue, n (%) | 626 (48.5) | 20 (10.1) | |||
| Exacerbations last 12 months, n | 713k | 1 (0–2) | - | - | - |
Data are shown as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n(%).
BMI, body mass index; CIS-Fatigue, checklist individual strength subscale fatigue; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1 (% predicted), forced expiratory volume over 1 s of predicted; FVC, forced volume capacity; GOLD, global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; IQR, interquartile range; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale; SD, standard deviation.
58 missing values; b1096 missing values; c1096 missing values; d747 missing values; e594 missing values; f40 missing values; g64 missing values; h53 missing values; i1096 missing values; j546 missing values; k572 missing values; l66 missing values; m133 missing values; n1 missing values; o66 missing values.