Table 1.
Sample characteristics according to e-cigarette use status, NHIS 2016 and 2017 (pooled).
| Variable | E-cigarette use, % (n) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily n = 714 | Some days n = 1009 | Former n = 7026 | Never n = 50830 | ||
| Age | 43.3 (15.7) | 41.2 (15.5) | 41.0 (15.6) | 52.2 (18.6) | <0.001 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 58.2% (387) | 56.7% (535) | 55.3% (3621) | 46.9% (22441) | <0.001 |
| Female | 41.8% (327) | 43.3% (474) | 44.8% (3405) | 53.1% (28389) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 mean (SD) | 30.6 (14.4) | 29.2 (11.5) | 29.5 (12.1) | 30.4 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 84.8% (617) | 82.0% (847) | 82.8% (5902) | 77.4% (40478) | <0.001 |
| Black/African American | 6.2% (35) | 10.2% (80) | 9.1% (567) | 12.9% (5956) | |
| AIAN | 1.7% (13) | 1.2% (11) | 1.3% (99) | 1.1% (539) | |
| Asian | 3.5% (21) | 2.5% (26) | 3.3% (202) | 6.8% (2817) | |
| Multiple/not releasable | 3.8% (28) | 4.2% (45) | 3.5% (256) | 1.9% (1040) | |
| Smoking | |||||
| Daily | 19.6% (154) | 49.3% (545) | 41.6% (3131) | 6.0% (3354) | <0.001 |
| Some days | 12.0% (88) | 16.2% (163) | 10.2% (728) | 2.3% (1182) | |
| Former ⩽6 years |
54.1% (380) | 13.7% (137) | 16.9% (1166) | 4.1% (2177) | |
| Former >6 years | 5.2% (40) | 2.9% (28) | 5.3% (405) | 17.8% (10316) | |
| Never | 9.1% (52) | 17.9% (134) | 25.8% (1580) | 69.7% (33657) | |
| Risk factors for CVD | |||||
| Hypertension | 27.5% (211) | 26.1% (280) | 25.2% (1941) | 31.9% (18567) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 27.1% (206) | 21.5% (246) | 22.2% (1703) | 28.9% (16243) | <0.001 |
| Prediabetes | 1.9% (18) | 2.4% (25) | 2.2% (155) | 2.8% (1476) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 7.6% (53) | 7.3% (85) | 7.1% (528) | 9.8% (5649) | <0.001 |
| MI | 4.2% (32) | 3.3% (44) | 2.7% (232) | 3.2% (1993) | 0.177 |
| CHD | 4.2% (33) | 2.9% (38) | 2.9% (258) | 4.6% (2893) | <0.001 |
AIAN, American Indian or Alaska Native; BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MI, myocardial infarction.