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. 2019 Sep 27;31(14):1053–1069. doi: 10.1089/ars.2019.7753

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Gal-3 promotes inflammation in hypertensive PAs. The expression of proinflammatory genes was determined in PAs isolated from rats treated with MCT for 4 weeks. Relative expression of (A) IL-6 mRNA, (B) CD45 mRNA (C) CD68 mRNA, and (D) CD4 mRNA was determined in PAs isolated from control, MCT-treated, and MCT-treated with the Gal-3 inhibitor GR by real-time PCR. In (E), silencing Gal-3 in HPASMCs reduced IL-6 mRNA expression. In (F), Gal-3 regulates the NF-κB activity. HPASMCs were pretreated with recombinant Gal-3 (10 μg/mL) and then exposed to vehicle or LPS and time-dependent changes in the levels of phosphorylated p65, total p65, and Gal-3 determined by Western blot. n = 2–4, *p < 0.05 versus vehicle/control, #p < 0.05 versus MCT. HPASMCs, human pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells. Color images are available online.